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God Bless Pps > Pulmonology > Flashcards

Pulmonology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the differential diagnoses of upper acute airway obstruction

A
  1. Laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup)
  2. Laryngitis
  3. Spasmodic croup
  4. Epiglottitis
  5. Membranous croup or bacterial tracheitis
  6. Retropharyngeal abscess
  7. Foreign body
  8. Angioedema or allergic reaction
  9. Peritonsillar abscess
  10. Laryngeal papillomatosis
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2
Q

Age of onset of laryngotracheobronchitis or croup

A

6months-3 years

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3
Q

Age of onset of laryngitis

A

5yr - teens

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4
Q

Age of onset of spasmodic croup

A

3mos - 3 years

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5
Q

Age of onset of epiglotittis

A

2yr - 6 yr

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6
Q

Age of onset of bacterial tracheitis

A

Any age (3-10 yr)

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7
Q

Etiologic agent croup

A

PARAINFLUENZA virus
Influenza virus
RSV
Rarely mycoplasma, measles, adenovirus

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8
Q

Etiologic agent Laryngitis

A

SAme with croup:

PARAINFLUENZA virus
Influenza virus
RSV
Rarely Mycp;asma, Measles, adenovirus

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9
Q

Etiologic agent Spasmodic croup

A

usually non infectious’
Hib

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10
Q

Etiologic agent Epiglottitis

A

Respiratory virus

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11
Q

Etiologic agent bacterial tracheitis

A

Trachea with secondary bacterial infection:
S aureus, M. Catarrhalis

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12
Q

Prodrome Croup

A

FEver, URI

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13
Q

Prodrome Laryngitis

A

URI, sore throat at night

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14
Q

Prodrome Spasmodic croup

A

Sudden onset short episodes

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15
Q

Prodrome/ Symptoms Epiglotittis

A

Rapid dramatic onset, potentially lethal course of
High fever sore throat, dyspnea, and progressive airway obstruction
RARELY Stridor
Muffled voice
TRIPOD SITTING
Drooling, Agitated toxic
SEVERE marking

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16
Q

Thumb sign on xray

A

Epiglottitis

17
Q

Management of Epiglottitis

A
  • ABC’s Secure airways top priority!
    Endotracheal/Laryngeal intubation or tracheostomy (if totally obstructed)
    -intubated for 2-3 days because the response to antibiotics is usually rapid
    -Labs: CBC with PC, Blood, Epiglottic surface, and even CSF.
  • ANtibiotics : Ceftriaxone, Cefipime or meropenem at least 10 days (nelson)
    (In PIDSP: Ceftriaxone or AMPISUL x 7-10 days)
  • use of steroids is controversial and not recommended
  • Rifampicin prophylaxis 20mkday max 600mg x 4 days on kids <4 y/o or <12 mos who are immunocompromised/incomplete vaccination
18
Q

4 year old male presents with malaise, sore throat, anorexia, and low-grade fever. Within 2 to 3 days but angel examination reveals the typical gray white membrane which can vary in size from covering a small patch on the tonsils to covering most of the soft palate the membrane he said he went to the tissue and forcible attempts to remove it can cause bleeding. What is the diagnosis based on Symptoms and physical examination

A

Diphtheria

19
Q

Management of Croup

A

Racemic epinephrine nebulization
Oral corticosteroids In viral group as well established: Single dose oral dexamethasone of 0.6 mg per kilogram
Antibiotics not indicated

20
Q

SUbglottic narrowing/steeple sign

A

Croup

21
Q

Accumulation of extra pulmonary air within the chest and most commonly from leakage of air from the lung it can acquire without trauma or underlying lung disease

A

Pneumothorax

22
Q

Pneumothorax is classified as complicated or simple/non-complicated. How do you differentiate the two?

A

Is simple pneumothorax intrapleural pressure is atmospheric in the lung collapses up to 30%.
In tension/complicated pneumothorax continuing leak increases positive pressure in the pleural space compressing mediastinal structures (shifts AWAY from the pneumothorax side)

23
Q

Diagnosis of pneumothorax

A

X-ray

24
Q

Management of pneumothorax

A
  • less than 5% done with our acts in a normal child may resolve without treatment usually within one week.
  • If pneumothorax is recurrent, secondary, or under tension, or there is more than 5% collapse, chest tube drainage is necessary
  • If recurrent: Chemical pleurodesis (talc, doxicycline or iodopovidone
25
Q

Chronic lung disease that originates in neonatal period. And it includes oxygen requirement for more than 28 days postnatally

A

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

26
Q

Enumerate Classification of bronchopulmonary dysplasia mild moderate severe

A
27
Q

What are the differential diagnosis of asthma?

A
  1. Recurrent viral respiratory tract infections
  2. GERD
  3. Foreign body aspiration
  4. Persistent bacterial bronchitis
  5. Tracheomalacia
  6. TB
  7. CHD
  8. cystic fibrosis
  9. Vascular ring
  10. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
  11. Immune deficiency

God Bless Pps (8 decks)

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