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God Bless Pps > Growth Devt > Flashcards

Growth Devt Flashcards

1
Q

Holds Head steady while sitting

A

Two months
Developmental implications : I know some more Visual interaction

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2
Q

Pulls to sit with no head lag

A

3 months
: for muscle tone

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3
Q

Brings hands together in midline

A

3’months

Self discovery of hands

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4
Q

Asymmetric tonic reflex Gone

A

4 months
Can inspect hands in midline

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5
Q

Sita without support

A

6 mos
Increasing exploration

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6
Q

Rolls back to stomach

A

6.5 months
Truncal flexion risk of falls

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7
Q

Walks alone

A

12 months
Exploration control of proximity to parents

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8
Q

Runs

A

16 months
Supervision more difficult

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9
Q

Grasps rattle

A

Fine motor 3.5 months old
Object used

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10
Q

Reaches for objects

A

Find motor
Four months
Visual motor coordination

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11
Q

Palmar grasp gone

A

4 months
Voluntary release
Fine motor

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12
Q

Transverse object hand to hand

A

5.5 months
Fine motor comparison of objects

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13
Q

Thumb finger grasp

A

Fine Motor
Eight months
Able to explore small objects

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14
Q

Turns pages in book

A

Fine motor
12 months
Increasing autonomy during book time

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15
Q

Scribbles

A

Fine motor
13 months
Visual motor coordination

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16
Q

Build tower of two cubes

A

15 months
Fine motor
Uses objects in coordination

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17
Q

Builds tower of six cubes

A

22 months
Fine motor
Requires visual, gross, and fine motor coordination

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18
Q

Communication and language
Smiles in response to face or voice

A

1.5 months
More active social participant

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19
Q

Communication and language
Monosyllabic Babble

A

Six months
Experimentation with sound tactile sense

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20
Q

Inhibits to “no”

Communication and language

A

7 months
Nonverbal response to tone

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21
Q

Communication and language
Follows one – step command with gesture

A

7

Nonverbal communication

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22
Q

Communication and language

Says mama or dada

A

10 months

expressive language

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23
Q

Communication and language
Points to objects

A

10 months

Interactive communication

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24
Q

Communication and language

Speaks first real word

A

12 months
Beginning of labeling

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25
Q

Follows one step commands without gesture

A

10 months
Verbal receptive language

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26
Q

Speaks 4 to 6 words

A

15 months

Acquisition of object and personal names

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27
Q

Speaks 10 to 15 words

A

18 months

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28
Q

Speaks two word sentences like “ Mommy shoe”

A

19 months

Beginning grammatization
corresponds with 50 – word vocabulary

Tip: mommy nike (sounds like 19) shoe

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29
Q

Cognitive

Stares momentarily at spot where object disappeared

A

Two months

Lack of object permanence

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30
Q

Cognitive

Stares at own hand

A

4 months

Self discovery cause-and-effect

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31
Q

Bangs two cubes

A

8 months

Active comparison of objects

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32
Q

Uncovers toy after seeing it hidden

A

8 months

Object permanence

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33
Q

Egocentric symbolic play ( pretends drinking from cup)

A

12 months

Beginning symbolic thought

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34
Q

Uses stick to reach toy

A

17 months

Able to link actions to solve problems

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35
Q

Pretend to play with Doll
(E.g. Gives doll bottle)

A

17 months

Symbolic thought

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36
Q

Patterns of behavior
Prone: Lies in flexed attitude: turns head from side to side : head sags on ventral suspension

A

Neonatal period or first four weeks

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37
Q

Patterns of behavior
Supine: generally flex and a little stiff

A

Neonatal period / 1st 4 weeks

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38
Q

Patterns of behavior
VIsual: May fixate face on light in line of vision; doll’s eye movement on turning of the body
Reflex: Moro’s reflex active; Stepping and placing reflexes; grasp reflex active

A

Neonatal period / 1st 4 weeks

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39
Q

Patterns of behavior

Prone: legs more extended, holds chin up, turns head; Head lifted momentarily to plane of body and ventral suspension

A

1 month

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40
Q

Patterns of behavior

Supine: Tonic neck posture predominates; Supple and relaxed; Head lags when pulled to sitting position

A

1 month old

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41
Q

Patterns of behavior

Visual: Watches person, follows moving object

A

1 month

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42
Q

Patterns of behavior
Social: Body movements in cadence with voice of other in social contact; beginning to smile

A

1 month

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43
Q

Patterns of behavior

Prone: Raise his head slightly farther, Head sustained on body in ventral suspension

A

2 months

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44
Q

Patterns of behavior

Visual: follows Moving object at 180°

A

2 months

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45
Q

Patterns of behavior

Social: Smiles on social contact; listen to voice and coos

A

2 months

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46
Q

Patterns of behavior

Prone: Lifted head and chest with arms extended; Head ABOVE plane of body on Ventral suspension

A

3 months

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47
Q

Patterns of behavior

Supine: Tonic neck posture predominates; reaches toward and misses objects; waves at toy

A

3 months

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48
Q

Patterns of behavior

Sitting: Head lag partially compensated wwhen pulled to sitting position; early head control with Bobbing motion; back rounded

A

3 months

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49
Q

Patterns of behavior

Reflex: Typical Moro reflex has not persisted; Makes defensive movements or selective withdrawal reactions

A

3 months

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50
Q

Patterns of behavior
Social: sustained social contact, listens to music; says “aah, ngaah’

A

3 montths

51
Q

Patterns of behavior

Prone: Lifts head and chest, with head in approximately vertical axis, legs extended

A

4 mon ths

52
Q

Patterns of behavior

Supine: symmetric posture predominates, hands in midline, reaches objects and put to mouth

A

4 months

53
Q

Patterns of behavior

Sitting: No head lag when pulled to sitting position: Head steady tipped forward enjoys sitting with full truncal support

A

4 months

54
Q

Patterns of behavior

Standing: when held erect, pushes with feet

A

4 months

55
Q

Patterns of behavior

Adaptive: sees raisin, but makes no move to reach for it

A

4 month

56
Q

Patterns of behavior

Social: laughs out loud; may show displeasure if social contact is broken; excited at sight of food.

A

4 months

57
Q

Patterns of behavior

Prone: Rolls over; pivots; Crawls or creep crawls

A

7months

58
Q

Patterns of behavior

Supine: Lifts head; Rolls over; Squirms

A

7 months

59
Q

Patterns of behavior

Sitting: Sits briefly with support of pelvis; leans forward on hands; back rounded

A

7 months

60
Q

Patterns of behavior

Standing: May support most of the weight; Bounces actively

A

7 months

61
Q

Patterns of behavior

Adaptive: reaches out for and grasps large object; transfers objects from hand to hand; radial palm /raking grasp

A

7 monts

62
Q

Patterns of behavior

Language: Forms polysyllabic words
Social: Prefers mother: babbles, enjoys mirror, responds to changes in emotional content of social contact,

A

7 months

63
Q

Patterns of behavior

Sitting: Sits up alone and indefinitely without support with back straight

A

10 months

64
Q

Patterns of behavior

Standing: Pulls to standing position: Cruises or walks holding onto furniture

A

10 months

65
Q

Patterns of behavior

Standing: pulls to standing position; cruises or walks holding onto furniture

A

10 months

66
Q

Patterns of behavior

Motor: creeps or crawls

A

1o months

67
Q

Patterns of behavior

Adaptive: GRasps objects with thumb and finger; pokes at things with forefinger, picks up pellet with assisted pincer movement. Uncovers hidden toy; attempts to retrieve dropped object, releases object grasped by other person

SOcial: responbds to sound of name, plays peek a boo or pat a cake, waves bye bye

Language: repetitive consonant sounds (“mama, dada”)

A

10 months

68
Q

PAtterns of behavior

Motor: Walks with one hand held; Rises independently; Takes several steps
Adaptive: Picks up raisin with an assistant pincer movement of forefinger and thumb; Releases object to another person on request or gesture
Language: says a few words besides mama and dada
Social: play simple ballgame; makes postural adjustment to dressing

A

At 1 year

69
Q

Age When patient achieve state regulation and regular sleep wake cycles
Weight is doubled

A

4 months

70
Q

Total sleep requirements at 3 to 4 months old

A

Approximately 14 to 16 hours a day with about nine to 10 hour concentrated at night and 2 naps in day

71
Q

Age when patient starts to socially “ hatching”: Babies become interested in the wider world

A

4 months

72
Q

What are the primary emotions of an infant by four months old (6)

A

Anger
joy
interest
fear
disgust
surprise

73
Q

By first year, Birth weight is _______
Length is_______
Heads circumference is_______

A

By first year, Birth weight is TRIPLED
Length isINCREASED BY 50%
Heads circumference INCREASED BY10CM/4INCHES

74
Q

Average time duration babies cry with peak at six weeks old

A

Two hours per day

75
Q

Definition of Colic: “ the rule of 3 “

A

Begins at second or third week of life
Lasts about 3hours per day
Occurs 3 days per week
Lasts for more than 3 weeks
Resolves in 3 to 4 months old

Treatment: reassurance

76
Q

Some studies have found differences in fecal microflora between babies with excessive crying and controls. If the baby appears to have gastrointestinal symptoms, what we can advise to breast-feeding mothers?

A

Breastfeeding Mothers may try elimination of milk beans and cruciferous vegetables in their diet.
In allergic families, mother may try stricter elimination of food allergens like milk eggs we eat nuts soy and fish but the nutritional status should be monitored

77
Q

How do you describe early walking?

A

Infants initially toddle with a wide base gait,
with the knees bent,
and the arms flex at the elbow.
The entire torso rotates with each stride
The toes may point out or and the feet strike on the floor flat

78
Q

Patterns of behavior 1-5 years old
Motor: walks alone, crawls up stairs
Adaptive: makes tower of 3 cubes; makes a line with crayon, inserts raisin in a bottle
Language: jargon, follows simple commands, may name a familiar objectm responds to his/her name
Social: indicates some desires or needs by pointing. Hugs parents

A

15 months

79
Q

Motor:Runs stiffly; sits on small chair; walks up stairs with 1 hand held; explores drawers and wastebaskets

A

18 months

80
Q

Adaptive:Makes tower of 4 cubes; imitates scribbling; imitates vertical stroke; dumps raisin from bottle

A

18 months

81
Q

Language:10 words (average); names pictures; identifies 1 or more parts of body

Social:Feeds self; seeks help when in trouble; may complain when wet or soiled; kisses parent with pucker

A

18 months

82
Q

Motor:Runs well, walks up and down stairs, 1 step at a time; opens doors; climbs on furniture; jumps

A

24 months

83
Q

Adaptive:Makes tower of 7 cubes (6 at 21 mo); scribbles in circular pattern; imitates horizontal stroke; folds paper once imitatively

A

24 months

84
Q

Language:Puts 3 words together (subject, verb, object)

Social:Handles spoon well; often tells about immediate experiences; helps to undress; listens to stories when shown pictures

A

24 months

85
Q

Motor:Goes up stairs alternating feet

Adaptive:Makes tower of 9 cubes; makes vertical and horizontal strokes, but generally will not join them to make cross; imitates circular stroke, forming closed figure

Language:Refers to self by pronoun “I”; knows full name

Social:Helps put things away; pretends in play

A

30 months

86
Q

Motor:Rides tricycle; stands momentarily on 1 foot

Adaptive:Makes tower of 10 cubes; imitates construction of “bridge” of 3 cubes; copies circle; imitates cross

Language:Knows age and sex; counts 3 objects correctly; repeats 3 numbers or a sentence of 6 syllables; most of speech intelligible to strangers

Social:Plays simple games (in “parallel” with other children); helps in dressing (unbuttons clothing and puts on shoes); washes hands

A

36 months/ 3 years

87
Q

Motor:Hops on 1 foot; throws ball overhand; uses scissors to cut out pictures; climbs well

A

48 months / 4 years

88
Q

Adaptive:Copies bridge from model; imitates construction of “gate” of 5 cubes; copies cross and square; draws man with 2-4 parts besides head; identifies longer of 2 lines

A

48 months/4 years

89
Q

Language:Counts 4 pennies accurately; tells story

A

48 months / 4 years

90
Q

Social:Plays with several children, with beginning of social interaction and role-playing; goes to toilet alone

A

48 months/ 4 years

91
Q

Motor: skips

A

60 months/ 5 years

92
Q

Adaptive:Draws triangle from copy; names heavier of 2 weights

A

60 months/ 5 years

93
Q

Language:Names 4 colors; repeats sentence of 10 syllables; counts 10 pennies correctly

A

60 months/ 5 years

94
Q

Social:Dresses and undresses; asks questions about meaning of words; engages in domestic role-playing

A

60 months/ 5 years

95
Q

Object permanence
Start of separation anxiety
Uses transitional object which functions as a symbol of the absent parent (ex. Security blanket)
Self conscious awareness
The very beginning of the foundation of conscience
Weakness on internalized inhibitions

A

12-24 months

96
Q

Growth velocity from 12 to 24 months

A

10cm/year

97
Q

Growth a velocity from 24 to 36 months

A

8cm/year

98
Q

Growth velocity during childhood three years above

A

6cm/year
Slowly decelerates before pubertal onset
Height typically doesnt cross percentile lines

99
Q

Growth velocity adolescence

A

Siigmoid shaped growth
Adolescent growth spurt
Accounts 15% of adult height
Girls 8cm/yr
Boys: 10cm/yr

100
Q

Age where birthweight quadruples

A

2.5 years

101
Q

All primary teeth have errupted

A

3 years

102
Q

Sleeping hours of preschool children

A

11-13hrs/day

103
Q

Visual acuity at three years old and four years old

A

3 years: 20/30
4 years:20/20

104
Q

Establishment of handedness

A

3 years

105
Q

AT what age children can use
Past tense?
Future tense?

A

Past: 4 years
Future: 5 years

106
Q

Piaget’s stage of development wherein It is characterized by magical thinking, egocentrism,and thinking that is dominated by perception and not abstraction
There is dominance of perception over logic

A

Preoperational stage (pre school)

107
Q

Gender identification

A

3 years

108
Q

When do we need to consider tantrums as a concern

A

If tantrums lasted for more than 15 minutes and occurs more than three times a day
It may reflect underlying medical emotional developmental or social problems

109
Q

Conscience

A

6 years

110
Q

Start of replacement from temporary to permanent teeth

A

Six years old

111
Q

Rate of replacement of adult teeth

A

Around 4 teeth per year
9 y/o: around 8 permanent incisors and 4 adult molars
Premolars erupt by 11-12 y/o

112
Q

Piaget stage wherein Children increasingly apply rules based on observable phenomena, factor in multiple dimensions, and points of view and interpret their perceptions using physical laws

A

Concrete (logical) operations (school age children)

113
Q

What are the five “R”s of early education?

A
  1. reading as a daily family activity’
  2. Rhyming playing and cuddling together
  3. Routines and regular times for meals play and sleep
  4. Rewards through praise for success
  5. Reciprocal nurturing relationships
114
Q

It is defined as achievement of height velocity that is LESS than expected for a child’s age and sex or a DOWNWARD crossing of MORE THAN 2 percentile lines for height on the growth chart

A

Growth failure

115
Q

Defined as growing either BELOW expected genetic potential Are growing below -2 SD For age and sex

A

Short stature

116
Q

Give normal common causes of Decreased growth and short stature

A

Familiar short stature
Constitutional delay
Delayed puberty

117
Q

Give nutrition and gastrointestinal condition that causes decreased growth in short stature

A

Malnutrition
Celiac disease
Inflammatory bowel disease

118
Q

Genetic condition that causes decreased growth and short stature

A

Turner syndrome
Prader– Willi syndrome
22Q deletion syndrome
Trisomy 21
Skeletal dysplasias

119
Q

Endocrine conditions psychosocial causes renal conditions and medication’s that are common causes of decreased growth and short stature

A

Endocrine: hypothyroidism, growth hormone deficiency, poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, Poorly controlled diabetes insipidus, metabolic bone disease like rickets and hypophosphatasia ,and glucocorticoid excess

Psychosocial causes
Medications: Glucocorticoids, inappropriate sex steroid exposure, antiepileptic medication’s

120
Q

Common causes of increased growth and tall stature

A

Variation of normal:
Constitutional tall stature
Familial growth stature

Endocrine:
GH excess’
Precocious puberty
CAH

Obesity

Genetic
Marfan
Kleinfelter
Sotos

121
Q

What x-ray is requested to check skeletal bone age

A

Left hand and wrist

122
Q

What is the interpretation if the skeletal bone age is delayed compared to chronological age?

A

Suggestive of catch-up potential for linear growth
( may pag asa pa tumangkad)

123
Q

What laboratory tests are useful in assessment of growth

A

Metabolic panel
CBC with PC
CRP
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
TSH, thyroxine
Celiac panel
Insulin like growth factor (IGF-1 and IGF-BP3)
Xray of left hand and wrist
Karyotyping (for syndromes)
Gonadotropins (LH, FSH, Testosterone, estradiol)
Urinalysis (for renal fxn, RTA, etc)

124
Q

When (age) it is considered delayed tooth eruption and what are the possible causes

A

Delayed tooth eruption if no tooth beyond 13 months
Possible causes: Congenital or genetic disorders
endocrine disorders like hypothyroidism hypoparathyroidism
Familial conditions
idiopathic conditions

God Bless Pps (8 decks)

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