Pulmonolgy

Question 1

Inspiratory hold for two seconds following the delivery of the tidal volume
Air way pressure

Answer 1

Reflects pulmonary compliance

Question 2

COPD with supplemental o2 improves hypoxia but can cause co2 retention

Answer 2

Loss of compensatory vasoconstriction in areas of ineffective gas exchange worsens V/Q mismatch
- increase in oxyhemoglobin reduces the uptake of co2 ( Haldene effect)
Hypercapnia causes reflex cerebral vasodilation and may induce seizures

Question 3

Broncheiectasis due to CF

Answer 3

Both upper lobe in the lungs and pseudomonas in the culture

Question 4

Invasive aspergillosis
Risk : neutropenia
Chronic: cavitary tuberculosis
> 3 months
+ IGg

Answer 4

Triad of fever chest pain hemoptysis
Pulmonary nodules with halo sign
Trt azole

Question 5

Pulmonary pathology (PCP) is a common precipitant of SIADH and hiv prone to SIADH

Answer 5

With Normal saline can result free water retention because the kidney is intact

Question 6

Obesity hypo ventilation syndrome

Answer 6

Obesity with BMI > 30
Day times hypercapnia > 45
No alternate cause

Question 7

Sarcoidosis
Skin findings

Answer 7

Lupus pernio ( pathognomonic)
Extensive purple skin lesions