Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Question 1

What is Virchow’s Triad?

Answer 1

Stasis
Injury
Hypercoagulability

Question 2

What is Group 4 pulmonary hypertension?

Answer 2

Chronic thromboembolic disorders

Question 3

Type I Pulmonary Hypertension

Answer 3

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)

Pre-capillary

Question 4

Type II Pulmonary Hypertension

Answer 4

Pulmonary venous hypertension, Left Heart (most common) –> pressures back up into the Right Heart

Question 5

Type III Pulmonary Hypertension

Answer 5

Respiratory disorders (FVC < 70%)

Question 6

Type V Pulmonary Hypertension

Answer 6

Miscellaneous– other causes (Sarcoidosis)

Question 7

What is the mutation that leads to heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension?

Answer 7

BMPR2 inactivation mutation
On the long arm of chromosome 2
Autosomal dominant

Question 8

Pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension — also targets for therapy

Answer 8

Decreased prostacyclin pathway
Decreased Nitric Oxide pathway
Increased Endothelin pathway

Question 9

What are some alveolar hemorrhage syndromes??

Answer 9

Anti-basement membrane antibody disease (Goodpasture’s)
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis (Wegener’s)
Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis
Collagen vascular diseases (SLE)

Question 10

What is the classic triad for Pulmonary vasculitis?

Answer 10

Hemoptysis
Pulmonary infiltrates
Anemia

Question 11

Where do 60-90% of PE’s originate?

Answer 11

Proximal deep veins of the legs

Question 12

What is the classic triad for Pulmonary vasculitis?

Answer 12

Hemoptysis
Pulmonary infiltrates
Anemia