Pulmonary Vascular Conditions Flashcards
What is the major source of emboli?
deep vein in lower extremity
Where do infarcts from emboli M/C occur?
Lower lobes
What is the Westermark’s sign?
Focal peripheral lucency beyond the occluded vessel (in non-infarcted cases).
What is the named radiographic sign of the pulmonary hemorrhage seen in contact with pleural surfaces in the lower lobes?
What is the named radiographic sign of a resolving pulmonary hemorrhage?
Hampton’s hump
Melting sign
What is the Fleschner sign?
Increase diameter of pulmonary artery >16mm associated with acute pulmonary embolism that resolves.
What is knuckle sign?
Abrupt tapering of occluded vessel distally.
What is a tram track sign?
Appearance of contrast flowing around an embolus.
Which predisposing conditions are likely sources for septic emboli?
a) drug addiction
b) alcoholism
c) immunologic deficient
d) congenital heart disease (shunts)
What % of pulmonary infarcts from septic emboli cavitate?
50%
What is the triad associated with fat emoblism syndrome?
a) respiratory distress
b) mental disturbances
c) petechial skin rash
What the radiogaphic appearance of a pulmonary infarct from a fat emboli?
- initially normal
- MULTIFOCAL, scattered homogeneous opacities
- More diffuse
What are 2 causes of marrow embolism?
a) strong convulsions that dislodge fragments of hemopoietic tissue
b) fracture
What is a rare but fatal type of pulmonary embolism seen in pregnancy and describe what it is?
Amniotic fluid emboli
- flakes of fetal skin and mucin from fetal meconium enter the maternal circulation during pregnancy through tears in the uterine veins and reaches the lungs
What is the name for a neoplastic embolism that disseminates through the lymphatic vessels into the lungs?
lymphangitic carcinomatosa
Air in the artery is called what?
Arterial gas embolism (AGE)
