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Chest > Neoplasms > Flashcards

Neoplasms Flashcards

1
Q

Of the 3 tumors, which one has the worst prognosis: squamous cell, adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma?

A

Large cell carcinoma

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2
Q

Which of the malignant tumors is associated with cigarette smoking?

A

a) Squamous cell carcinoma
b) Large cell carcinoma
c) Small/Oat cell carcinoma
d) Atypical carcinoid

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3
Q

Where does squamous cell carcinoma M/C like to occur?

A

Centrally (within the brochi) and proximal

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4
Q

What are some of the clinical features of a Pancoast tumor?

A
  • pain or atrophy of muscles of ipsilateral upper extremity (involvement of lower brachial plexus)
  • Horner syndrome (involvement of sympathetic chain)
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5
Q

Which pulmonary tumor has the highest prevalence for central necrosis & cavitation?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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6
Q

What is the most common cause of a Pancoast tumor?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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7
Q

Which tumor contains neurosecretory granules?

A

small cell carcinoma, carcinoid tumors (typical & atypical), large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

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8
Q

What is the M/C seen syndrome associated with small cell carcinoma?

A

Cushing’s syndrome – inappropriate secretion of ADH

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9
Q

What is the M/C/C of superior vena cava obstruction?

A

Small cell carcinoma

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10
Q

Why do small cell carcinomas have poor prognosis?

A

Because grow rapidly & metastasize early!

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11
Q

Small cell carcinomas typically grow in which location?

A

Centrally (within bronchi) and proximal (main stem or lobar)

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12
Q

Adenocarcinomas occur in which pop’n?

A

Women & non-smokers (but hx of tobacco use)

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13
Q

Where does adenocarcinomas M/C occur?

A

upper lobes & peripherally

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14
Q

What is a subtype of adenocarcinoma and what unique feature is present about this condition?

A

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC)

Lepidic Growth = grows along the bronchioloar & alveolar walls without invasion, distortion or destruction of these structures.

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15
Q

What is the average size that 60% of large cell carcinomas are greater than?

A

4cm

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16
Q

True or false: large cell carcinomas are seen closer to the mediastinum?

A

False. They are seen peripherally (segmental or subsegmental).

17
Q

Where is adenosquamous carcinoma seen and what is its prognosis?

A

Seen in periphery and poor prognosis (metastasizes early).

18
Q

Where do carcinoid tumors of the lung arise from?

A

Neuroendocrine cells within the airways.

19
Q

What is carcinoid syndrome and when does it occur?

A
  • right heart failure
  • chronic diarrhea
  • respiratory distress
  • flushing & cyanosis of skin

Occurs when there is hepatic metastatic disease.

20
Q

Which of the two subtypes of carcinoid tumor is associated with smoking?

A

Atypical carcinoid

21
Q

Which of the two subtypes of carcinoid tumor is more aggressive?

A

Atypical carcinoid (typical carcinoid is the best differentiated neuroectodermal carcinoma)

22
Q

Which of the two subtypes of carcinoid tumor is associated with higher presence of calcification?

A

Typical carcinoid (40%)

23
Q

What is a radiographic sign for the presentation for a typical carcinoid tumor?

A

Iceberg tumor = presence of small intraluminal & large extraluminal soft tissue component.

24
Q

Are malignant or benign tumors M/C for the trachea?

A

Malignant (80%)

25
Q

What is M/C benign neoplasm of the tracheobronchial glands in kids?

A

squamous papillomas

26
Q

What is the 2nd M/C benign tumor of the trachea?

A

Hemangiomas

27
Q

What is the M/C malignant tumor of the trachea?

A

Invasion from an adjacent neoplasm (notably lung).

28
Q

What are the top 3 M/C primary malignant tracheal tumors?

A

a) Adenoid cystic carcinoma (M/C bronchial gland tumor)
b) Squamous cell carcinoma
c) Mucoepidermoid tumor

29
Q

True or false: adenoid cystic carcinoma is not associated with smoking.

A

True. ACC is not associated with smoking (unlike squamous cell).

30
Q

What is the most frequently affected area in Hodgkin’s lymphoma on initial presentation and what is the 2nd M/C area?

A

Cervical nodes followed by groin nodes.

31
Q

In 30% of cases, what gland is involved in Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

Thymus

32
Q

Metastasis to the lungs usually occurs via which route?

A

Hematogenous (veins&raquo_space; arteries)

Especially inferior or superior vena cava.

33
Q

What is Carney’s triad?

A

a) pulmonary chondromas
b) gastric epithelioid leiomyosarcoma (GIST)
c) extra-adrenal paraganglioma (pheochromocytoma)

34
Q

Pulmonary hamaratoms are more commonly seen where in location?

A

Periphery

35
Q

Hamartomas present with what type of calcification pattern?

A

popcorn calcification

36
Q

What is the M/C benign pleural neoplasm?

A

Fibroma

37
Q

Most intrathoracic neurofibromas arise from which structure(s)?

A

Intercostal nerves OR sympathic nerves

38
Q

What is Reckling-Hausen’s disease?

A

a) kyphoscoliosis
b) scalloped vertebrae
c) lateral meningocele

Chest (12 decks)

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