pulmonary phsuology Flashcards
what is tidal volume?
volume inspired or expired with each breath at rest
500ml in males, 350ml in females
what is inspiratory reserve volume?
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) = 2-3 L
maximum volume of air that can be inspired at the end of a normal tidal inspiration
inspiratory capacity = TV + IRV
what is the expiratory reserve volume?
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) = 750ml
maximum volume of air that can be expired at the end of a normal tidal expiration
significantly reduced in obesity (increased abdominal fat mass pushes up against the diaphragm, reducing the volume of air that can be expelled)
what is residual volume?
Residual volume (RV) = 1.2L
volume of air remaining after maximal expiration
increases with age
RV = FRC - ERV
what is the functional residual capacity?
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
the volume in the lungs at the end-expiratory position
FRC = ERV + RV
what is the vital capacity?
Vital capacity (VC) = 5L
maximum volume of air that can be expired after a maximal inspiration
4,500ml in males, 3,500 mls in females
decreases with age
VC = inspiratory capacity + ERV
what is total lung capacity?
Total lung capacity (TLC) is the sum of the vital capacity + residual volume
what re the different lung pressures?
what is the intrapleural pressure?
what happens in pleural pressures during inhalation in quiet breathing?
what happens in pleural pressures during exhalation in quiet breathing?
what is lung compliance?
compliant vs non-compliant
what causes decreased luncg compliance + FRC?
what causes increased lung compliance + FRC?
what is barrel chest?
what is forced exhalation?
what is the equal pressure point?
what happens to equal pressure point in diseased lungs?
what happens to the airways in COPD/what do patients do to compensate?
what is hysteresis?
what affects hysteresis during inspiration and expiration?
