pulmonary anatomy Flashcards
what is included in the upper resp tract?
nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx
what is included in the lower res tract?
trachea, primary bronchi, lungs
what zones is the rest tract split into?
conducting zone and respiratory zone
what is the conducting zone?
what is the respiratory zone?
describe bronchi and their structure
describe bronchioles and their structure
what are the different cells in the airways?
goblet cells, ciliated epithelial cells, club cells
what are goblet cells?
what are ciliated epithelial cells?
what are club cells?
describe the respiratory epithelium and how it changes across the airways
what kind of muscle is the conducting airway made of?
what is its innervation?
describe resistance to air flow in upper and lower airways
what are alveoli?
what is their function?
what are pneumocytes?
the different types?
what is surfactant?
what is its purpose?
what is surfactant made of?
how does surface tension work?
what is the law of LaPlace?
how does surfactant impact surface tension as per Laplace’s law?
what is the role of surfactant in foetal lung maturity?
what is neonatal RDS?
features of alveoli?
clinical fetaures?
what are risk factors for neonatal RDS?
what are complications of neonatal RDS?
how can you prevent and treat neonatal RDS?
how many lobes in each lung?
what is foreign body aspiration?
where is it most likely to end up?
what is the relationship between the pulmonary artery and the respiratory tree?
pulmonary artery passes ANTERIORLY to R main bronchus
pulmonary artery SUPERIOR to L main bronchus
what is the point at which the reach bifurcates into bronchi?
carina
what is the mediastinum?
space between lungs
anterior, middle + posterior
what is the anterior mediastinum?
between heart and sternum
what is the middle mediastinum?
heart + great vessels
what is the posterior mediastinum?
spine + spinal cord
what structures are in anterior mediastinum + what masses can arise?
what structures are in middle mediastinum + what masses can arise?
what structures are in posterior mediastinum + what masses can arise?
what are the anterior mediastinal masses?
what structures pass through diaphragm?
IVC through canal hiatus
oesophagus through oesophageal hiatus
aorta through aortic hiatus
what levels are the openings of the diaphragm found?
what is the diaphragm innervated by?
C3,4,5 (phrenic nerve)
what happens in diaphragm irritation?
what happens if the phrenic nerve is cut?
what causes quiet respiration?
what happens to breathing in exercise? what muscles are involved?
