Pulmonary Pharmacology Flashcards
Clinical differences between COPD and asthma
RECOMMENDED THERAPY AT EACH STAGE OF COPD
Examples of short-acting beta agonists (SABA)
Examples of long-acting beta agonists (LABA)
MOA of theophyline
Long acting beta 2 selective agonists
The three important methylxanthines are:
MOA of antimuscarinic/anticholinergic drugs
Competitively inhibit the effect of Ach at muscarinic receptors. They are effective bronchodilators, and can be administered subQ or by aerosol route.
Ipratropium and Tiotroprium
Not effective for acute attacks, nasal spray is avalaible to treat rhinitis and the common cold. Usually recommended for patients with COPD, as anticholinergic drugs usually dilate larger rather than smaller airways and may be more effective for bronchitis than asthma
“Long-acting” on M2 and M3 receptors
Stays in the lung because it is a large molecule and there are not a lot of negative side effects
Corticosteroids
Short term orally, IV, IM only
If given through aerosol they are controller drugs
MOA of glucocorticoids
Adverse effects of systemic steriods (Hydrocortisone, Prednisone, Methylprednisolone)
Montelukast
Leukotriene inhibitor that is usually an add on drug and considered a long term controller
Cromolyn sodium
Blocks histamine release and primarily used for Hay fever
Mast cell stabilizers
Omalizumab
Anti-IgE monoclonal Antibodies used for the treatment of asthma. Inhibits the binding of IgE to mast cells but does not provoke mast cell degranulation
Must be given in office because of the risk of anaphylaxis
Common drugs used for asthma exacerbation
Activation of H1, H2 receptors does what to the bronchi, gut, gastric acid secretion, and vasculature?
Nedocromil
Used for regular treatment and not acute asthma attacks, anti-inflammatory agent
Fluticasone
Usually treats hay fever or other seasonal allergies in addition to asthma and COPD, also known as flonase
Loratadine
Also known as Claritin, an anti-histamine that is used to treat allergies
How is status asthmaticus treated?
