Heart Failure

Question 1

Ways to diagnose heart failure?

Answer 1

Question 2

HFpEF

Answer 2

Question 3

Neurohormonal model that drives heart failure

Answer 3

Question 4

HFrEF

Answer 4

Question 5

AHA HF Classification

Answer 5

Question 6

NYHF Classification

Answer 6

Question 7

Criteria for diagnosing heart failure

Answer 7

Question 8

Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)

Answer 8

Question 9

First step in treatment of HF

Answer 9

Beta Blockers

Question 10

Second step in treatment of HF

Answer 10

Vasodilating Beta Blockers

Question 11

Choice of beta blockers to use for treatment of HF?

Answer 11

Carvedilol
Bisproprolol
Metoprolol succinate

Question 12

Is carvedilol or metoprolol more effective?

Answer 12

Carvedilol

Question 13

Temporal Effects of Beta Blocker Treatment in Heart Failure

Answer 13

Question 14

Best way to dose beta blockers?

Answer 14

Question 15

Uses of Ivabradine?

Answer 15

Add onto beta blockers if dose is maxed out

Question 16

Third step in treatment of HF after beta blockers are on board?

Answer 16

Question 17

Overview of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Blockade

Answer 17

Question 18

Biological effects of angiotensin II?

Answer 18

Question 19

Major effects of ACE inhibitors?

Answer 19

Question 20

Dosing of ACE inhibitors?

Answer 20

Question 21

When to use an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)?

Answer 21

Question 22

Use of Neprilysin inhibitors?

Answer 22

Add onto an ARB, do not use with ACEi

Question 23

Use of aldosterone antagonist?

Answer 23

Question 24

Use of hydralazine and nitrates?

Answer 24

Question 25

Effectiveness of hydralazine/Isorbide dinitrate among race?

Answer 25

Use in black patients:

• Added to, not substituted for ACE inhibitors or ARB
• Recommended for black HF patients who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical treatment
• Appropriate as first-line therapy in all HF patients unable to tolerate either an ACE inhibitor or ARB because of renal insufficiency, hyperkalemia, or possibly hypotension

Question 26

Use of diuretics in HF patients?

Answer 26

Question 27

Dosing of diuretics?

Answer 27

Question 28

Mechanism of action in the kidney of loop and thiazide diuretics?

Answer 28

Question 29

Appropriate treatment for the following patient?

Answer 29

Question 30

Treatment for a patient that is experiencing over-diuresis?

Answer 30

Digoxin?

Question 31

Risks of using digoxin?

Answer 31

Question 32

Modes of death dependent upon HF classification?

Answer 32

Question 33

What is Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT)

Answer 33

Question 34

Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD)

Answer 34

Question 35

Indication for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT)?

Answer 35

Question 36

Left ventricular assist device?

Answer 36

Question 37

Specific contraindications for cardiac transplantation?

Answer 37

Question 38

Treatment for Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction?

Risks…

Answer 38

Question 39

Prevalence of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF)?

Answer 39

Question 40

Treatment of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF)?

Answer 40

Question 41

Acute heart failure syndromes (AHFS)

Answer 41

Question 42

Medical management of AHFS is based on precipitating factors and clinical presentation

Answer 42

Question 43

In patients experiencing a HF exacerbation requiring hospitalization:

Acute heart failure syndromes (AHFS)

Answer 43

Question 44

Acute Heart Failure Syndromes: Medical management of AHFS is based on precipitating factors and clinical presentation

Answer 44

Question 45

Monitoring with a Swan-Ganz Catheter?

Answer 45

Question 46

How to help HF patients in the warm and wet category?

Answer 46

Question 47

Treatment for HF patients in the cold and wet category?

Answer 47

Question 48

Selection of an inotrope?

Answer 48

Question 49

Effectiveness of different inotropes?

Answer 49

Question 50

Flow chart for HF patients:

Answer 50