Pulmonary Neoplastic Disease Flashcards
Carcinoid syndrome
GI tract cancer that has metastasized to the lungs, Cutaneous flushing, diarrhea, wheezing and low blood pressure. This is the hallmark sign!
The second most common type of lung cancer (25-35% of lung cancer cases) bronchial in origin and centrally located mass. More likely in a smoker, more likely to have hemoptysis, central bronchus solitary tumor (A cancer that started in the lung tissue has invaded the bronchus and this is why they are now coughing up blood)
Squamous cell carcinoma = hemoptysis and central mass
The most common type of bronchogenic carcinoma (35-40% of cases of lung cancer cases) (peripheral mass)
Adenocarcinoma
Fast doubling rates - responds to surgery rare (only 5%)
Large cell carcinoma
Represents 15% of lung cancer cases, is highly aggressive and almost always occurs in smokers. It is rapidly growing, and roughly 80% of patients have metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Is more likely to spread early and rarely is amenable to surgery. Associated with ACTH and ADH - hyponatremia and hypercalcemia
Small Cell lung cancer - CAN NOT be treated with surgery will need chemotherapy
Characterized by muscle weakness of the limbs caused by ACTH/ADH
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
A solitary pulmonary nodule defined as a discrete lesion < 3 cm in diameter is also known as a coin lesion. If the lesion measure greater than 3 cm, it is referred to as a mass.
“Coin lesions”
How often should small pulmonary nodules (< 1 cm) be monitored
Small nodules (< 1 cm) should be monitored at 3 mo, 6 mo, and then yearly for 2 yr
Diameter < ______ cm strongly suggests a benign etiology; diameter > ______ cm strongly suggests cancer
Diameter < 1.5 cm strongly suggests a benign etiology; diameter > 5.3 cm strongly suggests cancer
What should be considered with a localized ground glass appearance and a pulmonary nodule on chest X-ray?
lung cancer
What is the likely Dx? Solitary pulmonary nodule of 2 cm in size found on chest X-ray incidentally.
lung cancer
What is a bloody pleural effusion concerning for?
malignancy
What is the most common type of lung cancer in smokers?
squamous cell
Most aggressive lung cancer?
small cell
What is the most common type of lung cancer in nonsmokers?
adenocarcinoma
