Pneumonias Flashcards
Four types of infectious pneumonia
Bacterial
Viral
Fungal
HIV-related
Six most common bacterial pathogens
S. Pneumoniae S. Aureus Pseudomonas Legionella Mycoplasma Klebsiella
Rust-colored sputum - common in patients with splenectomy
S. Pneumoniae
Salmon colored sputum - MRSA treat with vancomycin
S. Aureus
Ventilators, patients become sick fast - treat with 2 antibiotics
Pseudomonas
low NA+ (hyponatremia), GI symptoms (diarrhea) and high fever
Legionella
Young people living in dorms, (+) cold agglutinins, bullous myringitis
Mycoplasma
currant jelly sputum, drinkers, aspiration
Klebsiella
viral etiology (adult vs kids)
Adults → Flu is the most common viral cause
Kids → RSV, 1st episode of wheezing
Four most common fungal agents
Valley Fever (Coccidioides)
Histoplasma capsulatum
Cryptococcus
Pulmonary aspergillosis
Look for this in a patient with non-remitting cough/bronchitis non-responsive to conventional treatments. Caused by fungal inhalation in western states.
Valley Fever (Coccidiodes)
Bird or bat droppings (caves, zoo, bird),
Histoplasma capsulatum
found in soil can disseminate and can cause meningitis.
Cryptococcus
The majority of cases occur in people with underlying illnesses such as tuberculosis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but with otherwise healthy
pulmonary aspergillosis
- Formerly PCP; now called (PJP) Pneumocystis jiroveci
- Common in HIV-infected patients with a low CD4 count of less than 200
HIV-related
tx & prophylax w/ Bactrim
