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Pulmonary Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of primary lung neoplasms?

A

benign (rare)

&

malignant (very common)

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2
Q

What is the second type of lung neoplasm?

A

Metastatic (very common)

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3
Q

What is this?

A

Lung Abcess

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4
Q

What in tobacco smoke causes cancer?(5)

A
  • polycyclic hydrocarbons
  • aromatic amines
  • phenols
  • nickel
  • cyanates
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5
Q

What are other risk factors?(6)

A
  • Asbestos
  • nickel
  • chromates
  • radiation
  • atmospheric pollution
  • genetics
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6
Q

What will the patient have if they present with pain?

A

Invasion of Chest Wall

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7
Q

What is the cause of haemoptysis?

A

Ulceration

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8
Q

What will cause the obstruction of the airway?

A

pneumonia

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9
Q

What is the distal area of yellow discolouration?

A

Pneumonia

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10
Q

How will the patient present with metastases?

A
  • lymph nodes
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11
Q

Where are the three most common areas of metastases?

A

liver

brain

bones

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12
Q

What are the systemic effects of cancer?

A
  • weight loss
  • “ectopic” hormone production
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13
Q

What hormone will be produced if cance is squamous cancer?

A

Parathyroid hormone

(PTH)

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14
Q

What hormone will be produced if cancer is small cell?

A

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone

(ACTH)

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15
Q

Are lung cancers heterogenous or homogenous ?

A

Very heterogenous

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16
Q

What are the 4 most commone smoking-associated types of lung tumours?

A
  • adenocarcinoma (35%)
  • sqaumous carcinoma (30%)
  • small call carcinoma (25%)
  • large cell carcinoma (10%)
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17
Q

What are two other types of lung tumour?

A
  • neuroendocrine tumours
  • bronchial gland tumours
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18
Q

How would you diagnose a tumour?

A
  • bronchoscopy and biopsy of the tumour if seen
  • biopsy or needle aspiration of metastases (especially mediastinal or supraclavicular lymph nodes)
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19
Q

Why do we classify cancer?

A
  • prognosis
  • treatment
  • pathogenesis/biology
  • epidemiology
20
Q

What is the order of survival time with classification (longest to shortest)?

A
  • squamous or adenocarcinoma
  • large cell
  • small cell
21
Q

What is the treatment for small cell cancer?

A

It is known to be chemosensitive but has rapidly emerging resistance

22
Q

What is the surgery of choice for NSCLC?

A

Surgery

chemotherapy/radiotherapy are also options

23
Q

What oncogenes are present in SCLC?

24
Q

What oncogenes are present in NSCLC?

A

myc, K-ras, her2(neu)

25
What tumour supressor genes are mutated in SCLC?
p53, Rb, 3p
26
What tumour supressor genes are supressed in NSCLC? (6)
p53, 1q, 3p, 9p, 11p, Rb
27
What causes the activation of the EGFR gene?
Specific point mutations render the EGFR gene active in the absence of ligand (epidermal growth factor) binding
28
How would you identify a mutation in the DNA?
By DNA in biopsy or cytology samples
29
What kind of tumours respond to tyrosine kinase inhibitors? (erlotinib)
Adenocarcinoma (especially in asian population and non-smokers)
30
What does EML4-ALK fusion oncogene do?
It identifies a target for specific drug treatment (crizotinib)
31
What are four kinds of bronchial (large airway tumours)?
* squamous metaplasia * dysplasia * carcinoma in situ * invasive malignancy
32
What are peripheral carcinomas?
Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia
33
What happens in atypical adenomatous hyperplasia?
Spread of neoplastic cells along alveolar walls (bronchioloalveolar carcinoma), these are true invasive adenocarcinoma
34
What are the prognostic indicators in lung cancer? (2)
* tumour stage * tumour histological subtype
35
What is a carcinoid neoplasm?
Neuroendocrine neoplasms of low grade malignancies
36
What are two types of bronchial gland neoplasms
* adenoid cystic carcinoma * mucoepidermoid carcinoma
37
What is the name of the cancer associated with pleural neoplasia?
Mesothelioma
38
Adenocarcinoma (gland forming)
39
Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia
40
Basal Cell Hyperplasia
41
Dyplasia Carcinoma in Situ
42
Large Cell Carcinoma
43
Lung Abscess
44
Small cell carcinoma
45
Squamous Carcinoma Keratinising
46
Squamous Metaplasia
47
What is the tumour obstructing?
White tumour obstructing bronchus

Medicine (9 decks)

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