Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medicine > Basic Emergency Care > Flashcards

Basic Emergency Care Flashcards

1
Q

What does DRS ABCDE stand for?

A

D dangers/ Safety & Cause
R response
S shout for help

A airway control with c-spine protection
B breathing and oxygenation
C circulation and control of haemorrhage
D disability of the CNS
E exposure of the whole of the body & prevention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the acronym used for level of response?

A

AVPU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does AVPU stand for?

A

A alert
V voice
P pain
U unresponsive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the levels of voice response? (4)

A
  • Confused
  • Inappropriate words
  • Utter Sounds
  • No verbal response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Whatare the different levels of pain response? (2)

A
  • Localises Pain

* Responds only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the causes of airway restriction? (7)

A
  • Decreased level of consciousness (LOC)
  • Body Fluid
  • Foreign body
  • Inflammation
  • Infection
  • Trauma
  • Spasm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What would you look at on assessing the airway? (3)

A
  • Unresponsive
  • Use of accessory muscles
  • See-saw respiratory pattern
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What would you listen for on assessing the airway? (4)

A
  • Snoring
  • gurgling
  • wheeze
  • stridor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How would you intervene after assessing the airway? (6)

If to conscious and no gag reflex

A
  • Head tilt chin lift
  • Jaw thrust
  • Suction
  • Oral airways
  • Nasal airways
  • I-gel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Once the airway is opened what oxygen sats would you aim for in patients without COPD and how would you achieve this? (3)

A

Give 15 litres of oxygen via a non-rebreathing mask, aiming for sats between 94-98%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What would you do to treat COPD patients and what sats are you aiming for?

A

For COPD patients reassess after ABCDE has been complete & keep sats 88-92%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the causes of laboured breathing?

A
  • Decreased LOC
  • Resp depressions
  • Muscle weakness
  • Exhaustion
  • Asthma
  • COPD
  • Infection
  • Pulmonary oedema
  • Pulmonary embolus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What would you look for on assessment of breathing? (5)

A
  • Rate (<10 or >20)
  • Symmetry
  • Effort
  • SpO2
  • Colour (cyanosis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What would you listen for on assessment of breathing?

A
  • Talking- Sentences, phrases, words

* Auscultation- wheeze, silent chest, added sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What would you feel for on assessment of breathing?(2)

A
  • Chest expansion

* Percussion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How would you intervene if breathing is laboured? (3)

A

•Consider ventilation with bag/valve/mask if resp rate less than 10
•Position upright is struggling to breathe
•Specific Treatment
i.e. β agonist (Salbutamol inhaler for severe asthma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How would you assess a patents circulation? (5)

A
  • Look at colour
  • Feel peripheries
  • Pulse
  • Capillary refill time
  • blood pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the symptoms of Circulatory shock? (inadequate tissue perfusion) (3)

A 
•Loss of blood volume (hypovolaemia)
•Pump failure
(cardiac causes)
•Vasodilation
(sepsis, anaphylaxis)
19
Q

How would you intervene if your patient has circulatory shock? (8)

A
  • ABC
  • Position supine with legs raised (left lateral tilt in pregnancy)
  • IV access- 16G (if trained)
  • SpO2 monitoring if available
  • Keep the patient warm
  • Loosen tight clothing
  • Reassure
  • Help
20
Q

What are the causes of disability of the CNS? (6)

A
  • Inadequate perfusion of the brain
  • Sedative side effects of drugs
  • Low Blood sugar
  • Toxins and poisons
  • Stroke
  • Epilepsy
21
Q

How would you assess a patient who you believe has disability? (5)

A 
• AVPU (or GCS)
– Alert, responds to Voice, to Pain, Unresponsive
• Pupil size/response
• Posture
• Blood Sugar Monitoring (BM)
• Check drugs you've given
22
Q

How would you intervene with a disabled patient? (6)

A

• Optimise airway, breathing & circulation
• Recovery position
• Treat underlying cause
• Treat low BM
– Sugary drinks, oral gel, Glucogon injection
• Control seizures, buccal Midazolam
• 9-999

23
Q

What would you examine for on exposure? (3+)

A
  • Haemorrhage (inc concealed)
  • rashes
  • swelling
24
Q

What would you do while exposing the patient? (3)

A
  • Keep warm
  • Maintain dignity
  • Monitor Vital signs regularly
25
Q

What will you explain on handover of the patient? (3)

A

• What happened SBAR
Situation, Brief history, Assessment, recommendation
• What you found on ABCDE and AMPLE
• What you have done

26
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a fracture? (5)

A
  • Visible Fracture.
  • Deformity
  • Pain
  • Swelling
  • Discoloration.
27
Q

How would you manage a patient with a fracture? (8)

A
  • ABCDE
  • Immobilisation of the affected area
  • Get Help!
  • Keep patient still support the injury
  • Arm fractures a sling can be made
  • Splints to support and immobilise
  • Openfractures-controlthebleeding
  • Monitor limb circulation
28
Q

What is a colles fracture?

A

It is a distal fracture of the radius in the forearm, with dorsal (posterior) displacement of the wrist.

29
Q

What are the three classifications of a burn?

A
  1. Superficial burns
  2. partial thickness burns
  3. full-thickness burns
30
Q

How would you manage burns and scalds? (5)

A 
•Monitor ABC as SHOCK likely
•Cool running water for 10 mins 
(has cooling affects, stops burning process)
•remove clothing and jewellery (if able)
•burnt are should be covered
•airway burns / smoke inhalation
31
Q

What are the four ways poison can enter the body?

A
  • inhalation through the lungs
  • absorption through the skin
  • ingestion through the mouth
  • injection
32
Q

How would you manage a poisoned patient? (8)

A
  • ABC and medical help/ambulance
  • Find out the cause of poisoning
  • If poison absorbed through skin remove all clothing and irrigate
  • Collect omitted material, medications
  • Get time of poison ingestion
  • Find out how much has been taken
  • Rinse mouth
  • DO NOT: make the casualty vomit or give fluid (in general)
33
Q

How would you control a haemorrhage? (5)

A
  • Position casualty
  • expose wound and check for foreign body
  • pressure applied followed by firm dressing x2
  • elevate limb if possible
  • tourniquets (if trained)
34
Q

What are the symptoms of shock?(8)

A
  • Nausea and vomitting
  • Thirst
  • Rapid breathing
  • Sweating
  • Fast and weak pulse
  • Pale cold and clammy skin
  • Reduces consciousness
  • Confusion and anxiety
35
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis? (9)

A
  • ABCDE
  • collapse and unconsciousness
  • Swelling of throat and mouth
  • difficulty breathing
  • alterations in heart rate
  • drop in blood pressure
  • abdominal pain, nausea and vomitting
  • sense of impending doom
  • nettle rash (hives) urticarial rash
36
Q

How would you treat anaphylaxis? (6)

A
  • Remove source (trigger) of reaction
  • If life threatening complications 999
  • Oxygen if needed
  • Position patient that most relieves any breathlessness.
  • Raise legs if possible.
  • Administer the auto-injector if they have one or 500mcg Adrenaline IM repeat every 5 mins if needed.
37
Q

How would you treat an epileptic patient? (7)

A
  • Maintain airway
  • If possible try to ease fall.
  • Loosen tight clothing.
  • If unconscious position in ????????
  • Look for med alert tag
  • Monitor time of seizure if more than 5 minutes or first seizure need 999
  • Do not: put anything in the mouth.
38
Q

What are the symptoms of hypoglycaemia? (10)

A
  • Shaking
  • Sweating
  • Anxious
  • Dizziness
  • Hunger
  • Fast heartbeat
  • Impaired vision
  • Weakness, fatigue
  • Headache
  • Irritable
39
Q

What are the symptoms of hyperglycaemia?(7)

A
  • Extreme thirst
  • Frequent urination
  • Dry skin
  • Hunger
  • Blurred vision
  • Drowsiness
  • Nausea
40
Q

How would you treat hypoglycaemia?

A

With glucose or glucagon.

41
Q

How would you treat hyperglycaemia?

A

Treat for shock/dehydration

42
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of acute coronary syndrome? (7)

A
  • Collapse, often without any warning
  • Breathlessness and blueness (cyanosis)
  • Faintness or dizziness
  • Pale, cold and clammy skin
  • A rapid, weak, or irregular pulse
  • Nausea and/or vomiting.
  • Have a sense of impending doom
43
Q

How would you manage a patient symptomatic of acute coronary syndrome? (9)

A
  • ABCDE
  • 999 for an ambulance
  • Loosen clothing
  • Sit in W position
  • Oxygen if breathless
  • GTN spray help them to take it.
  • Aspirin (300mg) tablet
  • Monitor and record vital signs
  • Reassure and rest and keep calm
44
Q

What does MONA stand for and what is it used for?

A 
Used for suspected MI early treatment
Morphine analgesia
Oxygen (high flow)
Nitroglycerin (sublingual)
Aspirin 300mg

Medicine (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions