Pulmonary Medications Flashcards
What are the two types of drug deliveries?
Oral or injected
- Systemic distribution
Inhaled
- Local distribution
- Fewer side effects
What do Antitussives do?
Suppress cough
- NOT indicated for chronic, productive cough
What do Mucolytics do? And what are their side effects?
Decreases viscosity
- Nausea and vomiting are side effects
What do expectorants do? And what are their side effects?
Make more, but thinner mucus
- Nausea and vomiting are side effects
Mechanisms of Bronchodilation
SNS activation -> Norepinephrine -> Beta-2 receptor activation
Mechanisms of Bronchoconstriction
PNS Activation -> Acetyl Choline -> Muscarinic receptor activation & Inflammation
What do beta-adrenergic do?
Beta-adrenergic agonists activate β-2
receptors to bronchodilate
Beta-adrenergic agonists side effects
Side effects include nervousness, restlessness, tremor, some may cause cardiac irregularities
Beta-adrenergic agonists ending
“-erol”
Anticholinergics do what?
Anticholinergics block PNS-mediated bronchoconstriction
Anticholinergics Side Effects?
Dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, tachycardia, confusion are side effects
Anticholinergics endings?
“-tropium”
Methylxanthine/Theophylline do what?
Methylxanthine/Theophylline promote bronchodilation
Methylxanthine/Theophylline side effects?
Toxicity an issue, leading to confusion, nausea, irritability, cardiac arrhythmia, seizure
Methylxanthine/Theophylline endings?
“-phylline”
Glucocorticoids (aka corticosteroids) side effects?
Side effects include chest tightness, bruising, dizziness, white patches in mouth, rash, stomach pain, osteoporosis, skin breakdown, muscle wasting
Glucocorticoids (aka corticosteroids) forms?
Inhaled (long term) reduces symptoms
Oral (long term OR quick acting)
Glucocorticoids (aka corticosteroids) endings?
“-one”
Glucocorticoids (aka corticosteroids) do what?
Decrease inflammation
Leukotriene enhances what?
The effects of glucocorticoid steroids (decreasing inflammation)
Cromones prevent what?
The release of inflammatory mediators - prevents bronchospams if taken before onset
Oxygen therapy does what?
Increases fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2)
Can decrease dyspnea and improve activity tolerance
- use lowest flow rate to maintain SpO2
Oxygen therapy cautions
O2 toxicity: prolonged exposure to high oxygen levels can cause lung damage
In patients with CO2 retention, high FiO2 can decrease ventilatory drive, leading to hypoventilation
Modes of delivery for flow oxygen
Low flow-
Nasal cannula: FiO2: 24–30%
Simple mask: FiO2: 40–60%
High flow-
Nasal cannula: FiO2: ~100%
