Cardiovascular Medications

Question 1

Diuretic Endings

Answer 1

Thiazide – “thiazide”
Loop – “ide”
Potassium sparing – “one”

Question 2

Diuretic Disease Uses

Answer 2

HTN
CHF

Question 3

Diuretics Side Effects

Answer 3

Electrolyte imbalance: hypokalemia -> arrhythmia
Fluid depletion: orthostatic hypotension
Increased fall risk
Compliance issues

Question 4

Diuretics Physiology

Answer 4

Act on kidneys to increase Na and water excretion
Decreased blood volume = decreased CO

Question 5

Beta Blockers/Antagonists Ending

Answer 5

“-olol”

Question 6

Beta Blockers/Antagonists Disease

Answer 6

HTN
CAD
CHF
Arrhythmia

Question 7

Beta Blockers/Antagonists Side Effects

Answer 7

CANNOT USE HR TO GUIDE EXERCISE INTENSITY
Bronchoconstriction
Excessive cardiac depression
Orthostatic hypotension
Fatigue
Sexual dysfunction
Decreases max exercise tolerance

Question 8

Beta Blockers/Antagonists Physiology

Answer 8

Beta 1:
Reduce HR and force due to decreased CO
Inhibits renin release 🡪 decrease SVR
Beta 2
Possible bronchospasm

Question 9

ACE INHIBITORS/ARBs Ending

Answer 9

ACE: “-pril”
ARBs: “-sartan”

Question 10

ACE INHIBITORS/ARBs Disease

Answer 10

HTN
CHF

Question 11

ACE INHIBITORS/ARBs Side Effects

Answer 11

Well tolerated
Fewer cardiovascular effects
Allergy: angioedema of tongue/face
Persistent dry cough
Orthostatic hypotension

Question 12

ACE INHIBITORS/ARBs Physiology

Answer 12

ACE: Prevents conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
ARBs: block angiotensin II receptors
Good for those with ACE side effects

Question 13

Calcium Channel Blockers Endings

Answer 13

“-pine”

Question 14

Calcium Channel Blockers Disease

Answer 14

HTN
CAD
Arrhythmia

Question 15

Calcium Channel Blockers Side Effects

Answer 15

Orthostatic hypotension
Headache/nausea
LE edema
Problems with HR and rhythm
Reduced contractility
Reflex tachycardia

Question 16

Calcium Channel Blockers Physiology

Answer 16

Slows SA-node and allows L ventricle to fill completely

Question 17

Nitrates (vasodilators) Endings

Answer 17

Nitroglycerine
Not take po

Isosorbide dinitrate
Can be po

Question 18

Nitrates (vasodilators) Disease

Answer 18

CAD

Question 19

Nitrates (vasodilators) Side Effects

Answer 19

Headache
Nausea
Tolerance
Hypotension

Question 20

Nitrates (vasodilators) Physiology

Answer 20

Convert to nitric oxide
Cause vasodilation
- Veins: decreased preload (greatest effect)
- Arterioles: decrease afterload
- Coronary arteries: some dilation of vessels

Question 21

Statins HMG-CoA inhibitors Endings

Answer 21

“-statin”

Question 22

Statins HMG-CoA inhibitors Diseases

Answer 22

Cholesterol

Question 23

Statins HMG-CoA inhibitors Side Effects

Answer 23

Statin myopathy: can progress to rhabdo. Proximal muscle pain/weakness
Liver dysfunction
Adverse effect on sensory and motor nerves

Question 24

Statins HMG-CoA inhibitors Physiology

Answer 24

Inhibit HMG-CoA: reduces production of LDL
Other benefits for vascular endothelium: antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties

Question 25

Potassium Channel Blockers Ending

Answer 25

Amiodarone

Question 26

Potassium Channel Blockers Disease

Answer 26

Arrhythmia

Question 27

Potassium Channel Blockers Side Effects

Answer 27

Serious: pulmonary fibrosis, hypothyroid, liver dysfunction, pro-arrhythmic
Less serious: Tremors, discoordination

Question 28

Potassium Channel Blockers Physiology

Answer 28

Block K channel to prolong phase III
Longer refractory period

Question 29

Anticoagulants/antiplatelet meds

Answer 29

Heparin (anticoagulant) – continuous drip only
- Acute unstable angina, NSTEMI
- Prevent clot formation at site of ruptured plaques

Aspirin (antiplatelet)
- Inhibits platelet activation to prevent clotting
- Used long term
- Can be taken acutely prior to hospital arrival

Clopidogrel (Plavix) strong antiplatelet
- Important after stent placement