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CPR > Pulmonary Infections Microbioligy > Flashcards

Pulmonary Infections Microbioligy Flashcards

1
Q

Rhinovirus?

A

+ssRNA, icosahedral capsid, phrayngitis (common cold)

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2
Q

Influenza virus

A

acute, rapid onset of fevers, chills, malaise

leaves resp tract vulnerable to secondary infections

Types A, B, and C; a does genetic shift and drift, B does drift, C is stable, has hemagluttenin (H) and neuraminidase (N) whcih are necessary antigens for entering and exiting host cell

replication is pH-dependent (low pH of endosome does necessary H protein dissassembly)

shift is reassortment of viral genome strands, drift is mutation (corresponds to pandemic and epidemic)

M2 ion channel causes envelope dissassembly in endosome, inhibited by amantadine and rimantidine

neuraminidase releases virus, inhibited by -mavir antivirals

vaccins: attenuated virus is flu mist

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3
Q

Respiratoy Syncitial virus

A

most common cause of atypical pneumonia in infants

(remember, atypical pneumonia looks more like upper respiratory infection and causes interstial pneumonia, as opposed to lobar and bronchial with typical; atypical is caused by viruses and mycolasma and chlamydia; symptoms suggest URI, but URI looks normal on PE)

-ssRNA

DX with ELISA

no vaccine

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4
Q

Adenovirus

A

large, non-enveloped icosahedral with spikes and dsDNA

causes red eye and ARDS

usually infects

temporal replication in the nucleus

virulence factor: inhibits MHC-1

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5
Q

Eppstein barr virus

A

is a Herpes virus

replicates inside B cells nucleus

can present with swollen cervical lymph nodes, fatigue

lab: Heterophil antibody

can cause Burkitt’s lymphoma

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6
Q

cytomegalovirus

A

atypical pneumonia in the immunosuppressed (like AIDS, immunosuppressant therapy)

the bugs are visible only with GMS (a silver stain)

wide variation of morphology and presentation

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7
Q

staph aureus

A

G+, catalase +, coagulase+, B hemolytic

does CAP–bronchopneumonia

most common cause of secondary pneumonia

can form abscesses or empyema

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8
Q

what’s catalse+ and what’s catalase- between strep and staph?

A

staph is cat+, sterp is cat-

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9
Q

staph epidermidis

A

G+, cat+, coag-

post-surgical or puncture wound

can cause endocarditis

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10
Q

strep pyogenes (group a strep)

A

G+, cat-, coag-, B hemolytic, bacitracin sensitive, M protein

does pharyngitis, rheumatic fever, scarlet fever

treat with penicillin

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11
Q

strep viridans (note: not respiratoy infection, more endocarditis)

A

G+, cat-, A hemolytic, optochin resistant, bile resistant

causes endocarditis after dental work

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12
Q

strep pneumoniae

A

G+, cat-, encapsulated, A hemolytic, optochin sensitive, bile soluble, diplococci

mucoid colonies (glistening with mucous)

virulent capsule prevents C3b deposition

autolytic enzymes cleaves its own envelope in bile salts to make it bile soluble

***most common cause of lobar pneumonia, causes meningitis in children***

vaccine is a conjugate vaccine (protein and polysaccharide) for infants, just polysaccharide for immune-compromised

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13
Q

enterococci (note: not resp infection agent)

A

G+, cat-, Y hemolytic, bile resistant, salt tolerant, hydrolyzes esculin

can do endocarditis when there’s GI issues (like regurg), and UTI’s (urinary tract infection)

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14
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

doesn’t gram stain though it’s technically G+, needs acid-fast stain

grows slowly on culture

test: PPD test (aka Monteaux skin test) of >15mm for normal patient, >5mm for immunocompromised, and adenosine deaminase testing

seeds into macrophages, do exponential growth, T cells activate and form granulomatous Ghon complexes

reactivation happens with immunocompromise

often forms lower lobe lesions in rpimary disease

reactivated disease has lesions at lung apices

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15
Q

E. coli

A

G-, rod, lactose+, p fimbriae

causes UTI’s, acute pyelonephritis

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16
Q

proteus mirabilis

A

rod, lactase-, oxidase-, urease-

chronic or repeat UTI’s with increased chance of calculi

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17
Q

haemophilus influenzae

A

G-, coccobacilli, encapsulated

grows on chocolate agar

causes bronchopneumonia, often 2nd to flu virus

conjugate vaccine

pneumonia on COPD, epiglottis infections

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18
Q

legionella

A

G-, rod, faculatative anaerobe, growns on buffered charcoal yeast agar

doesn’t G stain well, prevents phagosome and lysosom fusion, makes biofilms like a professional

lives intracellularly in amoebas

lives on metallic, aquatic environments

test: urine ELISA for LPS

community-acquired, immunocompromised, see with silver stain, can do some severe pnuemonia

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19
Q

chlamydia

A

G-, obligate intracellular pathogen which doesn’t stain well

does atypical pneumonia (interstitial)

2nd most common cause of atypical pneumonia in young adults

can get chlamydia psicatti–a chlamydia bug from birds

elemenatry bodies: infectious form, small and dense

reticular bodies, non-infectious, larger replicating form

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20
Q

what causes atypical pneumonia?

A

mycoplasma pnuemonia, chlamydia, viruses

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21
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

G-, bronchopneumonia in cystic fibrosis and burn patients, encapsulated rods, oxidase+, lactase-, flagellated

green pigment, fruity smell, biofilms

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22
Q

Klebsiellae pneumonia

A

G-, lobar pneumonia, encapsulated, urease

Mucoid colonies, red currant jelly sputum

nosocomial infection, or aspiration (like alcoholics)

nosocomial UTI’s

23
Q

Mycoplasma pneumonia

A

no cell wall so no gram stain (remember, G+ is purple and G- is pink so no G stain is no color, CARDS toxin

most common cause of atypical pneumonia in young adults, especially military

24
Q

histoplasma capsulatum

A

dimorphic fungus, bird and bat excreta in ohio and mississippi river valleys

same pathogenesis as TB, can cause cardiac tamponade

dx with antigen test on serum

25
Q

blastomyces

A

dimorphic fungus, mississippi river valley, skin lesions with pulmonary disease

culture: broad based buds

dogs will get sick before people

26
Q

coccioiodomycoses

A

mold, spore forming, spores are called arthroconidia and are highly infectious

California

pulmonary disease with skin lesions

27
Q

treatment of endemic mycoses?

A

systemic–fluconazole

systemic–amphotericin B

28
Q

+ssRNA, icosahedral capsid, phrayngitis (common cold)

A

Rhinovirus?

29
Q

acute, rapid onset of fevers, chills, malaise

leaves resp tract vulnerable to secondary infections

Types A, B, and C; a does genetic shift and drift, B does drift, C is stable, has hemagluttenin (H) and neuraminidase (N) whcih are necessary antigens for entering and exiting host cell

replication is pH-dependent (low pH of endosome does necessary H protein dissassembly)

shift is reassortment of viral genome strands, drift is mutation (corresponds to pandemic and epidemic)

M2 ion channel causes envelope dissassembly in endosome, inhibited by amantadine and rimantidine

neuraminidase releases virus, inhibited by -mavir antivirals

vaccins: attenuated virus is flu mist

A

Influenza virus

30
Q

most common cause of atypical pneumonia in infants

(remember, atypical pneumonia looks more like upper respiratory infection and causes interstial pneumonia, as opposed to lobar and bronchial with typical; atypical is caused by viruses and mycolasma and chlamydia; symptoms suggest URI, but URI looks normal on PE)

-ssRNA

DX with ELISA

no vaccine

A

Respiratoy Syncitial virus

31
Q

large, non-enveloped icosahedral with spikes and dsDNA

causes red eye and ARDS

usually infects

temporal replication in the nucleus

virulence factor: inhibits MHC-1

A

Adenovirus

32
Q

is a Herpes virus

replicates inside B cells nucleus

can present with swollen cervical lymph nodes, fatigue

lab: Heterophil antibody

can cause Burkitt’s lymphoma

A

Eppstein barr virus

33
Q

atypical pneumonia in the immunosuppressed (like AIDS, immunosuppressant therapy)

the bugs are visible only with GMS (a silver stain)

wide variation of morphology and presentation

A

cytomegalovirus

34
Q

G+, catalase +, coagulase+, B hemolytic

does CAP–bronchopneumonia

most common cause of secondary pneumonia

can form abscesses or empyema

A

staph aureus

35
Q

staph is cat+, sterp is cat-

A

what’s catalse+ and what’s catalase- between strep and staph?

36
Q

G+, cat+, coag-

post-surgical or puncture wound

A

staph epidermidis

37
Q

G+, cat-, coag-, B hemolytic, bacitracin sensitive, M protein

does pharyngitis, rheumatic fever, scarlet fever

treat with penicillin

A

strep pyogenes (group a strep)

38
Q

G+, cat-, A hemolytic, optochin resistant, bile resistant

causes endocarditis after dental work

A

strep viridans (note: not respiratoy infection, more endocarditis)

39
Q

G+, cat-, encapsulated, A hemolytic, optochin sensitive, bile soluble, diplococci

mucoid colonies (glistening with mucous)

virulent capsule prevents C3b deposition

autolytic enzymes cleaves its own envelope in bile salts to make it bile soluble

***most common cause of lobar pneumonia, causes meningitis in children***

vaccine is a conjugate vaccine (protein and polysaccharide) for infants, just polysaccharide for immune-compromised

A

strep pneumoniae

40
Q

G+, cat-, Y hemolytic, bile resistant, salt tolerant, hydrolyzes esculin

can do endocarditis when there’s GI issues (like regurg), and UTI’s (urinary tract infection)

A

enterococci (note: not resp infection agent)

41
Q

doesn’t gram stain though it’s technically G+, needs acid-fast stain

grows slowly on culture

test: PPD test (aka Monteaux skin test) of >15mm for normal patient, >5mm for immunocompromised, and adenosine deaminase testing

seeds into macrophages, do exponential growth, T cells activate and form granulomatous Ghon complexes

reactivation happens with immunocompromise

often forms lower lobe lesions in rpimary disease

reactivated disease has lesions at lung apices

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

42
Q

G-, rod, lactose+, p fimbriae

causes UTI’s, acute pyelonephritis

A

E. coli

43
Q

rod, lactase-, oxidase-, urease-

chronic or repeat UTI’s with increased chance of calculi

A

proteus mirabilis

44
Q

G-, coccobacilli, encapsulated

grows on chocolate agar

causes bronchopneumonia, often 2nd to flu virus

conjugate vaccine

pneumonia on COPD, epiglottis infections

A

haemophilus influenzae

45
Q

G-, rod, faculatative anaerobe, growns on buffered charcoal yeast agar

doesn’t G stain well, prevents phagosome and lysosom fusion, makes biofilms like a professional

lives intracellularly in amoebas

lives on metallic, aquatic environments

test: urine ELISA for LPS

community-acquired, immunocompromised, see with silver stain, can do some severe pnuemonia

A

legionella

46
Q

G-, obligate intracellular pathogen which doesn’t stain well

does atypical pneumonia (interstitial)

2nd most common cause of atypical pneumonia in young adults

can get chlamydia psicatti–a chlamydia bug from birds

elemenatry bodies: infectious form, small and dense

reticular bodies, non-infectious, larger replicating form

A

chlamydia

47
Q

mycoplasma pnuemonia, chlamydia, viruses

A

what causes atypical pneumonia?

48
Q

G-, bronchopneumonia in cystic fibrosis and burn patients, encapsulated rods, oxidase+, lactase-, flagellated

green pigment, fruity smell, biofilms

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

49
Q

G-, lobar pneumonia, encapsulated, urease

Mucoid colonies, red currant jelly sputum

nosocomial infection, or aspiration (like alcoholics)

nosocomial UTI’s

A

Klebsiellae pneumonia

50
Q

no cell wall so no gram stain (remember, G+ is purple and G- is pink so no G stain is no color, CARDS toxin

most common cause of atypical pneumonia in young adults, especially military

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia

51
Q

dimorphic fungus, bird and bat excreta in ohio and mississippi river valleys

same pathogenesis as TB, can cause cardiac tamponade

dx with antigen test on serum

A

histoplasma capsulatum

52
Q

dimorphic fungus, mississippi river valley, skin lesions with pulmonary disease

culture: broad based buds

dogs will get sick before people

A

blastomyces

53
Q

mold, spore forming, spores are called arthroconidia and are highly infectious

California

pulmonary disease with skin lesions

A

coccioiodomycoses

54
Q

systemic–fluconazole

systemic–amphotericin B

A

treatment of endemic mycoses?

CPR (10 decks)

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