Pulmonary Infections Flashcards
4 Gross Phases of Lobar Pneumonia
Congestion (congested vessels and edema)
Red hepatization (exudate, nphils, hemorrhage)
Gray hepatization (degradation of RBCs)
Resolution
Stem Cell for Resolution
Type II Pneumocyte
2 Most Common Agents for Lobar Pneumonia
Strep pneumoniae most common
Klebsiella pneumoniae - enteric aspiration like alcoholics/nursing home. Often complicated by abscess
Typical vs. Atypical Pneumonias
Typical is lobar and bronchopneumonia, usually caused by bacteria
Atypical is interstitial and can be viral. Usually present with atypical symptoms like low sputum and low fever, and more URI symptoms like coughing
5 Agents of Bronchopneumonia (& what conditions get and complications and shit)
Staph aureus - most common cause of secondary pneumonia (bacterial superimposed on viral) and can be complicated by abscess/empyema
H. influenzae - Secondary and superimposed on COPD
P. aeruginosa - CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Moraxella calarrhalis - CAP, exacerbates COPD
Legionella - COPD or IC or by water source. Best visualized on SILVER STAIN
6 Agents of Interstitial Pneumonia (& who’s at risk/complications)
Mycoplasma pneumoniae - most common, usually young adults in military or dorms. Complications AIHA and erythema multiforme. No cell wall so can’t see on gram stain
Chlamydia pneumoniae - 2nd most common
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) - Infants
CMV - Posttransplant immunosuppressive therapy
Influenza virus - Eldery and IC and shit. Increases risk for secondary infections like S. aureus and H. influenzae
Coxiella burnetti - Q fever (super high), farmers at risk because spores can live after cow placenta and shit
Classic Location for Aspiration Pneumonia
RLL abscess because steeper angle
Ghon complex
Focal center of fibrosis/calcification right after primary TB, usually in lower lobe and hilar LNs
4 Notable Sites for TB Spread
Meninges - base of brain
Cervical LNs
Kidneys - sterile pyuria
Pott disease
