Lung Cancer Flashcards
2 Most Mutagenic Chemicals in Cigarettes
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are the main, also arsenic
Other Big Exposure Risk
Radon
2 Other Conditions Also with “Coin Lesions”
Granuloma - TB or fungus (HISTOPLASMA in Midwest)
Bronchial Hamartoma
Treatment Difference between SCLC and NSCLC
SC: chemo, usually not surgically resectable
NSC: Surgical resection, usually not responsive to chemo
SCLC Location and 3 Paraneoplastics
Central
ADH, ACTH, and LES
Squamos Cell Carcinoma (2 histo findings, epidemiology, location, paraneoplastic)
Keratin pearls or intercellular bridges
Most common tumor in male smokers
Central
PTHrP
Adenocarcinoma (2 histo findings, epidemiology (2), location)
Glands or mucin production
Most common tumor in nonsmokers and female smokers
Peripheral
Large Cell Carcinoma (what it is, prognosis)
Poorly differentiated large cells, lacks keratin/bridges/glands/mucin
Poor prognosis
Brochioloalveolar Carcinoma (what it is/origin, presentation, prognosis)
Columnar cells that grow along preexisting broncioles and alveoli, from Clara cells. Also unrelated to smoking
Presents with pneumonia-like consolidation on imaging
Excellent prognosis
Carcinoid Tumor (what it is, histo stain, classic formation, paraneoplastic)
Well-differentiated neuroendocrine cells so stain Chromogranin + (all neuroendocrine do, like SCLC)
Central or peripheral, forms polyp-like mass in bronchus
Can cause carcinoid syndrome
Metastasis to Lungs (2 most common and imaging)
Breast and colon
“Cannon-Ball” nodules on CXR
4 Local Effects of Lung Cancer
Pleural involvement with adenocarcinoma
SVC Syndrome - obstructs causing distention in head/neck
Involvement of recurrent laryngeal (hoarseness) or phrenic (diaphragmatic paralysis) nerve
Compression of Sympathetic Chain leading to Horner’s Syndrome - ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis, usually due to apical (Pancoast) tumor
Unique Site of Metastasis for Lung Cancers
Adrenals
