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FS Exam 3 > Pulmonary Function Testing > Flashcards

Pulmonary Function Testing Flashcards

1
Q

Obstructive Lung Disease

A

Inc in airway resistance
Airflow Problem
Diameter and turbulent flow affect resistance

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2
Q

Ex of obstructive

A

emphysema
chronic bronchitis
asthma

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3
Q

Restrictive Lung Disease

A

Dec in compliance
Volume Problem
Structural issues affect compliance

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4
Q

Ex of restricitve

A 
pulmonary fibrosis
asbestosis
sillicosis
respiratory distress syndrome
lung injury
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5
Q

Inspection of Respiratory System

A
  1. Cough
  2. Sputum
  3. Chest Pain
  4. Resp Rate
  5. Breathing Pattern
  6. Use of acc. muscles
  7. Tracheal tug
  8. Nasal flaring
  9. Chest wall deformity
  10. Cyanosis
  11. Skin pallor or redness
  12. Clubbing
  13. Nicotine Stains
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6
Q

Asthma

A

Hyperresponsive response to allergen

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7
Q

Asthma results in…

A

Inflammation
Bronchospasm
Mucus secretions
Edema

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8
Q

Primary mediator Asthma

A

Eosinophils

- Results in mast cell degranulation which causes bronchiolar smoothe muscle to contract (spasm)

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9
Q

What can asthma be worsened by?

A

inc in PNS due to anxiety of not being able to breathe

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10
Q

COPD - combination of

A

Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema

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11
Q

Chronic Bronchitis

A 
Excess mucus production in lower resp. tract
Cough for 3 consecutive months
Dec in Ve/Q ratio
Hypoxia
Hypercapnia
Hypertension from edema
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12
Q

Emphysema

A

Loss of elasticity due to destruction of alveolar walls - enlarges air spaces
Air trapping
Tachypnea

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13
Q

Pulmonary Fibrosis

A

Pneumoconiosis - fibrosis due to inhalation of toxins

ARDS - direct injury of capillaries and alveolar tissue (sepsis or severe trauma)

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14
Q

Extrapulmonary Causes of restrictive lung

A

Head or spinal cord injury
Muscular dystrophy
Can accompany chest wall deformity

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15
Q

Pulmonary Function Testing - when to do it

A

Evaluating patient at risk for lung disease
Patient shows symptoms of distress
Monitoring those with known pulm diseases
Preoperative evaluation
Surveillance following lung transplantation

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16
Q

Pulmonary Function Testing - when you should NOT do it

A 
MI w/in last month
Unstable angina
Recent thoraco-abdominal surgery
Recent ophthalmic surgery
Pneumothorax
Recently smoked cigarette
17
Q

PFT - Forced Vital Capacity

A

Total volume of air that can be forcibly expired after maximal inspiration

18
Q

PFT - FEV1

A

Forced expiraotry volume in 1st second

Volume forcibly expired in first second

19
Q

PFT - FEV1/FVC Ratio

A

Fraction of total FVC expelled during first second
Reflects resistance to airflow
Influenced by age, gender, body size, race

20
Q

PFT - FEF25-75

A

Expiratory flow over the middle 50% of the test

Very sensitive to early airflow obstruction

21
Q

Obstructive Lung Disease - Ratio

A

FEV1/FVC ratio

22
Q

Restrictive Lung Disease - Ratio

A

Normal to high FEV1/FVC ratio

Low FVC

23
Q

If flow is impeded

A

Obstruction

24
Q

If volume is reduced

A

Restriction

25
Q

Radial Traction

A

Inc lung volume
Inc airway diameter
Dec airway resistance

26
Q

Patients with High airway resistance

A

can take advantage of this by breathing at higher lung volumes

27
Q

Breathing at higher lung volumes…

A

maximizes elastic recoil to aid expiration

28
Q

Obstructive - Compliance

A

High Compliance
Low Elastance
Easy to expand (in), difficult to empty completely

29
Q

Ressitive - COmpliance

A

Low COmpliance
High Elastance
Difficult to expand lung (in)

30
Q

Work of Respiration

A

W = P * Change in Volume

Represents force * distance

31
Q

Resistive - work

A

Inc work to overcome elastic recoil forces

32
Q

Obstructive - work

A

Inc work to overcome airway resistance

33
Q

Capnograph

A

Measures ETCO2

34
Q

DLCO

A

Diffusing capacity of lung for CO

35
Q

Restrictive - Table

A

Low values

High ratio

36
Q

Obstructive - Table

A

High Values

Low Ratio

FS Exam 3 (10 decks)

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