Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

FS Exam 3 > Overview of Pulmonary System > Flashcards

Overview of Pulmonary System Flashcards

1
Q

Respiratory Process

A
  1. Pulmonary Ventilation (air in and out of lungs only)
  2. Pulmonary Diffusion
  3. Gas Transport
  4. Capillary Gas Exchange
  5. Cellular/Internal Respiration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Respiratory Zones - Conducting Zone

A

Warms and humidifies air

Nasal Cavity –> Pharynx –> Larynx –> Trachea –> Bronchi –> Bronchioles –> Terminal Bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Respiratory Zones - Respiratory Zone

A

Gas Exchange

Respiratory Bronchioles –> Alveolar Ducts –> Alveolar Sac –> Alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Upper Respiratory Tract

A

Nasal Cavity –> Pharynx –> Larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lower Respiratory Tract

A

Trachea –> Bronchi –> Bronchioles –> Alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Resp. Epithelium Gel Layer

A

High viscosity from goblet cells (goblet cells produce mucous)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Res. Epithelium Sol Layer

A

Low viscocity, watery secretion from mucous glands

Mucinex - facilitates movement of this mucous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

C-Fibers

A

Afferent

Cough Reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sympathetic NS

A

Inhibits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Parasympathetic NA

A

Stimulates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Upper Resp. Tract - Swell Bodies

A

Venous plexus of cavernous thin walled vessels
Found in middle and inferior conchae
Veins that drain the plexus can constrict to cause engorgement
Engorgement occurs in a cyclical fashion to prevent respiratory epithelium from drying out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Upper Resp. Tract - Paranasal Sinuses

A

Located in ethmoid, frontal, and sphenoid bones

Humidifies air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Trachea

A

Hyaline cartilage rings that give structure but allow for flexibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Trachea Musculature

A

Trachealis
Posterior surface
When C fibers detect an irritant, will contract and narrow and this promotes the cough reflex
Force through smaller area = inc velocity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hilux

A

Where everything goes in and out

Veins = oxygenated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bronchioles Innervation

A

Smooth muscle innervated by ANS
Para = Cholinergic (Constrict airway)
Sym = Adrenergic (dilate airway)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Bronchioles

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q 
Bronchus
Epithelium
Goblet Cells
Cartilage
Glands
Smooth Muscle 
Alveoili
A 
Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar
\+
\+
\+
2 sets
-
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q 
Bronchiole
Epithelium
Goblet Cells
Cartilage
Glands
Smooth Muscle 
Alveoili
A 
Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar
\+
-
-
\+
-
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q 
Terminal Bronchiole
Epithelium
Goblet Cells
Cartilage
Glands
Smooth Muscle 
Alveoili
A 
Simple Ciliated Columnar
-
-
-
\+
-
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q 
Respiratory Bronchiole
Epithelium
Goblet Cells
Cartilage
Glands
Smooth Muscle 
Alveoili
A 
Simple Cuboidal
-
-
-
\+
\+
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q 
Alveolar Duct
Epithelium
Goblet Cells
Cartilage
Glands
Smooth Muscle 
Alveoili
A 
Simple Cuboidal
-
-
-
little
\+
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q 
Alveolus
Epithelium
Goblet Cells
Cartilage
Glands
Smooth Muscle 
Alveoili
A 
Simple Squamous
-
-
-
-
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Alveoli

A

About 300 million

1 mm in length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How many capillaries per alveolus
About 500 to 1000 | Abundant capillaries forms a sheet around each alveolus
26
Alveolar Capillary Unit
Provides minimum diffusion distance and maximum surface area for gas exchange
27
Distance btw alveolus and capillary
0.5 to 1 micometer
28
Drawback to alveolar capillary unit
Alveoli is surrounded by water and water molecules are attracted to one another to the point that can develop cuz of surface tension SO...alveoli release surfactant which reduces this surface tension
29
Surface Tension in created when
H20 molecules are attracted to one another
30
Surface Tension and Work of Breathing
Increases the work of breathing Harder to get air into the lungs - Normally 2/3 of work of breathing is used to overcome surface tension
31
Surface Tension and Internal Pressure
Increase internal pressure required to open alveoli P = 2T/r Smaller alveoli have higher internal pressure and are more prone to experience atelectasis
32
Surfactant
Phospholipid that decreases surface tension and decreases the work of breathing
33
Surfactant location/spread
Spread over alveolar surface more effectively by yawning/deep breathing
34
Infant Resp. Distress Syndrome
Surfactant appears at 34 weeks gestation | Poor surfactant production increases work of breathing
35
Conducting zone is ____ Dependent
Velocity | 150mL of air
36
Respiratory zone is ____ Dependent
Diffusion 2.5 - 3L Bigger area than conducting zone
37
Total Lung Capacity
6 L
38
Tidal Volume
Normal breathing, air into and out of lungs | 500 mL
39
Vital Capacity
Exhaled volume after maximal inspiration
40
Residual Volume
Amount of air left in lung after max expiration | 1 L
41
Functional Residual Capacity
Volume of gas in lung after normal exhale | The baseline of the lung
42
Measuring Residual Volume
Not with spirometry | measured by He dilution, )2 dilution, or N2 washout
43
Purpose of Residual Volume
Allows uninterupted exchange of gas between blood and alveoli btw phases of breathing cycle Keeps alveoli inflated and prevents fluctuations in blood gas concentrations
44
Airflow
Largely determined by diameter | Change in pressure over resistance
45
Most resistance in...
Conducting Airway
46
Low resistance in...
Respiratory zones - more diffusion going on
47
Constriction of airway and resistance and airflow
Inc resistance | decrease airflow
48
Bronchiolar Smooth Muscle Innervation
ANS
49
Bronchiolar Innervation Symp.
Adrenergic stimulation causes dilation of bronchi and bronchioles NE and Albuterol stimulate B2 receptors that then lead to dilation Inhibits glandular secretions
50
Bronchiolar Innervation Para
``` Muscarinic receptors (Ach) Cholinergic stimulation causes constriction Increases glandular secretion (mucous) ```
51
Bronchiolar Smooth Muscle Irritants
Cause reflex contraction of bronchial smooth muscle | Irritant receptrs located in trachea and large bronchi
52
What is Air Pressure
Gravity pulls air molecules toward earth Weight of air molecules is the air pressure Depends on how much gas there is (atmospheric thickness) The amount of gas depends on gravity
53
Gravity and Air Pressure
The stronger the gravity, the more gas is held by the world and the greater the weight of atm. on a point
54
one atm =
760 mmHg
55
At altitude pressure is
lower | Air is lighter
56
Barometer
Used for measuring air pressure Lower pressure = more fluid in air Cortisol - joints before storm
57
As atm pressure increases...
Mercury in tube rises
58
Air Movement
High to low pressure
59
Pressure Gradietn
Change in pressure across a distance | Need gradient for movement
60
Lung Tissure and air pressure
Lung tissue is highly elastic and distensible | Normal breath requires

FS Exam 3 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions