Pulmonary Dynamics Flashcards
HR and BP spike during
Submax level
The purposes of breathing are: (4)
- Exchange of O2
- Exchange of CO2
- Control of blood acidity
- Oral communication
O2 and CO2 are exchanged between atmosphere and blood in the _______
Alveoli
Process of ventilation results in higher _____ in the lungs than in the metabolizing tissues
PO2
Speed and depth of breathing affects the amount of ____ and ____ exchanged between body and atmosphere
O2 and CO2
________ is the movement of air in and out of the lungs
Ventilation
_____ is the cellular utilization of O2
Respiration
Inspiration and expiration are regulated in 2 ways:
- Frequency
2. Volume
VDS = ______ (other name)= ______ mL
Dead space = 150 mL
VA = _______ = _______ (formula)
Alveolar Ventilation = (VT-VDS)xF
VT = _______ = _______ (formula)
Tidal Volume = VA + VDS (OR VE/F)
VE = _______ = _______ (formula)
Minute ventilation = VT x BF
What is the VE at rest? Max Ex (Athletes) Max Ex (Elite) Increase (Athletes) Increase (Elite)
Rest: 6 L/min Max Ex (A): 100 Max Ex (E): 192 Increase (A): 17x Increase (E): 32x
What is the VT at rest? Max Ex (Athletes) Max Ex (Elite) Increase (Athletes) Increase (Elite)
Rest: 0.5 V/B Max ex (A): 2.0 Max ex (E): 4.0 Increase (A): 4x Increase (E): 8x
What is the Breathing Frequency (FB/min) at rest? Max Ex (Athletes) Max Ex (Elite) Increase (Athletes) Increase (Elite)
Rest: 12 FB/min Max ex (A): 48 Max ex (E): 0-70 Increase (A): 4x Increase (E): 5x
Efficiency of breathing: True or false
- It is more efficient to breathe shallow and more often (Decrease VT and increase F)
FALSE!
It is more efficient to breathe DEEP and LESS OFTEN (INCREASE VT and DECREASE F)
Efficiency of Breathing: T/F
- Respiratory muscles consume O2 for work of breathing, thus more o2 for exercising muscles
FALSE!
Respiratory muscles consume O2 for work of breathing, thus LESS O2 for exercising muscles
Efficiency of breathing: T/F
- The body chooses the most efficient way to breathe normally
TRUE!
Control of Ventilation:
Rate and depth of breathing are adjusted in response to body’s _______ needs
Metabolic
Control of Ventilation: In healthy individuals, ______, _____, and _____ are essentially regulated at resting values regardless of the exercise intensity.
PaO2, PaCO2, pH
Automatic activity of inspiratory neurons that run the respiratory cycle have cell bodies in the ___
Medulla
Inhalation is _____ process, exhalation is ______ process
Active
Passive
Pulmonary ventilation at rest is regulated by _________
Chemical state of blood
Reduced O2 pressures stimulate ______ and activate ______ to _____ ventilation
Peripheral chemoreceptors
Aortic and carotid chemoreceptors
Increase ventilation