Body Composition Flashcards
What are the major structural components of body composition?
Muscle
Fat
Bone
Theoretical Model of body composition is based on ____
Reference man and reference woman
Theoretical Model is based on average ______ obtained from detailed measurements of thousands of individuals
Physical dimensions
Reference man for theoretical model is: Taller/shorter Heavier/lighter Skeleton weighs more/less Larger/smaller muscle mass Higher/lower fat content
*Choose which
Taller Heavier More Larger Lower
Total average body fat for male should be _____%
15%
Normal body fat for females is ____%
27%
What are the reasons for the differences in the Theoretical Model of body comp?
Behavioral
Biological
Hormonal
________ is fat stored in bone marrow, heart, lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys, intestines, muscles, and lipid-rich tissues throughout CNS
Essential fat
What is essential fat?
Fat required for normal physiologic functioning
What essential fat is acceptable for females? Males? What does it include in females?
Females 12%
Males 3%
In female, essential fat includes sex-specific or sex-characteristic fat
Essential fat is is ____ x higher in females than males
Why?
4x
Additional fat is biologically important for child-bearing and other hormone related function
_____ consists of fat the accumulates in adipose tissue
Storage fat
What is storage fat used for
Nutritional reserve includes the fatty tissues that protects the internal organs from trauma and the larger subcutaneous fat volume deposited beneath the skin
What is the storage fat amount for females?
Males?
Females 15%
Males 12%
_____ contains a small % of essential fat stores (3%) within the CNS, bone marrow, and internal organs
Lean body mass
_______ is body mass devoid of all fat
Fat free mass
In normally hydrated healthy adults the only difference between the fat-free mass and the lean body mass is the essential lipid rich stores in the _______, _______, _____, and _________
Bone marrow, brain, spinal cord, internal organs
There is a biological lower limit of a person’s body mass- below this level impaired health status occurs
Men:
Women:
Men: 3%
Women: 12-14% (values <10% rarely reported)
T/F: Appearing thin or skinny means that the skeletal frame is small and the body fat is low
FALSE
Physically active females with low body fat increase their chances of:
(3 things)
- Delayed onset of mensturation
- Irregular menstrual cycles
- Complete cessation of menses
T/F: Physically active females with low body fat increase risk of musculoskeletal injuries when they participate in vigorous exercise
TRUE
Body senses when energy reserves are inadequate to sustain pregnancy and a _______ is triggered with low body fat
Hormonal or metabolic disturbance
T/F: Long term physical stress may disrupt hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis modifying the gonadotropin-releasing hormone
True
What is the BF% needed for onset of menstruation?
BF% to maintain normal cycle?
17% onset
22% normal