Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

APPLIED PHYS (KN) > Energy Expenditure > Flashcards

Energy Expenditure Flashcards

1
Q

Almost all changes that occur in the body during exercise are related to increases in energy metabolism that occur with ____ ____ _____

A

Contracting skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

During intense exercise, total energy expenditure may be ______x that of resting value, resulting in caloric expenditure of ______ kcal/min

A

15-25x

18-30 kcal/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Increase in metabolic rate is used to provide E for exercising muscles that may increase E utilization by factor of _____ over resting levels

A

200

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T/F: Exercise upsets homeostasis of body

A

True (obvi)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Involves all of the chemical rxns of biomolecules in the body that encompass both synthesis and breakdown

A

Metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Synthesis aka

A

Anabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Breakdown aka

A

Catabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The sum of the physical and chemical processes in an organism by which its material substance is produced, maintained, and destroyed, and by which energy is made available is

A

Metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Metabolism is the ___

A

Rate of heat production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

All processes occurring in body result in production of heat (for humans) - T/F

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Amount of E generated by body during rest and exercise can be determined using either ____ or _____

A

Direct or indirect calorimetry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does a direct calorimeter measure?

A

HEAT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does an indirect calorimeter measure?

A

VO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Indirect heat measurement has open or closed-circuit methods: (3)

A
  1. O2 consumption
  2. CO2 production
  3. N2 balance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What indirect heat measurement is the BEST way:

O2 consumption, CO2 production, or N2 balance

A

N2 balance- collect urine for a week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is BMR

A

Basal metabolic rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does BMR reflect/what is it?

A

Reflects body’s heat production

Minimum level of energy to sustain vital functions in waking state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

BMR is about _____% lower in females than males because of higher body fat in females and fat tissue generally metabolically less active than muscle

A

5-10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

BMR is influenced by these 10 things:

A
  1. Age
  2. Gender
  3. Surface area of body
  4. Body fat
  5. Thyroid function
  6. Protein turnover
  7. Nutrition state
  8. ANS activity
  9. Climate/body temp
  10. Fever
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

T/F: Obese individuals have higher BMR

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

T/F: Females have higher BMR than males

A

FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

T/F: Older you are, lower BMR

A

TRUE- less muscle mass (usually)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

T/F: Body fat decreases BMR because less surface area

A

FALSE- more surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

T/F: Increased thyroid function has higher BMR

A

TRUE- burning more calories (dangerous condition)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

T/F: Lower protein turnover burns more calories

A

FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

T/F: More SNS outflow burns more calories

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Main factor governing BMR is _______

A

amount of lean body mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

BMR decreases _____% per decade through adulthood due to _____

A

2%, increase in fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

BMR is important for weight control and patients undergoing exercise program- if their total caloric intake is < than BMR, will ________-

A

Decrease exercise tolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is RMR?

A

Resting metabolic rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

RMR includes ___ and ____ plus added metabolic cost of arousal

A

BMR and Sleeping conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

RMR refers to sum of metabolic processes of all active cell mass related to maintenance of normal body functions and regulatory balance _______

A

During rest…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

TDEE is?

A

Total daily energy expenditure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

3 factors that influence TDEE

A
  1. RMR- cannot change right away
  2. Thermal effect of feeding
  3. E expended during PA and recovery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What % of TDEE does thermic effect of feeding contribute

A

10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What % of TDEE does thermic effect of physical activity contribute

A

15-30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What % of TDEE does RMR contribute

A

60-75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What 3 types of metabolism does RMR include

A
  1. Sleeping metabolism
  2. Basal metabolism
  3. Arousal metabolism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is the thermic effect of feeding?

A

How you metabolize and breakdown food (how efficient/what are you eating)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is the thermic effect of PA?

A

Duration and intensity, are you getting HR high enough to have effect?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

This has the most profound effect on human E expenditure

A

Physical activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Most people can sustain metabolic rates that are ___ x resting values during big muscle exercises such as fast walking, swimming, running

A

10x

43
Q

15-30% of person’s TDEE comes from _____

A

Physical activity

44
Q

PA can be broken down into ________ (acronym = ____)

A

Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)

45
Q

What are examples included in NEAT

A

Daily living, fidgeting, maintaining posture

46
Q

After strenuous aerobic workout, metabolic rate can stay elevated (__-__%) for 8 hrs which is known as ____ or ____

A

10-15%, EPOC or O2debt

47
Q

E expended during weight-bearing activities increases proportional to _______

A

Body mass

48
Q

T/F: there is large relationship between body mass and energy expended during non-weight bearing activities

A

FALSE- LITTLE relationship

49
Q

Average daily TEE estimated to be _______ kcal for males and _____kcal for females 15-50 yo.

A

2900-3000, 2200

50
Q

Great variability exists because of physical activity level- average person spends _____% of day sedentary

A

75%

51
Q

Relationship between walking speed and O2 uptake is essentially ______ between speeds of 1.9-3.1 mph

A

LINEAR

52
Q

Factors such as _____ and _____ influence EE of particular activity

A

Economy of movement, mechanical efficiency

53
Q

Those with greater economy of movement consume ____ at given submax exercise levels, making EE ____

A

Less O2, less

54
Q

Children require ______% more O2 per unit body mass to run at given speed compared to adult

A

20-30

55
Q

Children have unique feature of growing and _______ causing many of EE factors for adults to be unknown for children

A

Producing hormones

56
Q

At faster speeds, walking becomes less economical and relationship curves ______

A

Upward direction

57
Q

More economical to discontinue walking and begin to jog at speeds of _____mph

A

4

58
Q

EE to swim given distance is _____x greater than to run same distance due to maintaining _______ while generating original motion to overcome drag forces

A

4x, buoyancy

59
Q

what is DIT

A

Diet-induced thermogenesis

60
Q

2 components of DIT?

A

Obligatory

Facultative

61
Q

What does obligatory mean (DIT)

A

Result of energy-requiring process of digesting, absorbing, assimilating food nutrients

62
Q

What does facultative mean? (DIT)

A

Related to activation of SNS and its stimulating effect on metabolism

63
Q

Thermic effect of food reaches max within ____ after meal

A

1 hr

64
Q

Magnitude of DIT can vary between ______ of ingested food energy

A

10-30%

65
Q

Thermic effect of a meal of pure protein is nearly _____% of meal’s total calories- due mainly to digestive processes as well as extra energy required by liver to assimilate and synthesize protein or dreaming certain AA

A

25%

66
Q

People that have poor control of body mass often have __________

A

Blunted thermic response to eating

67
Q

Magnitude of DIT may be _____ in exercise-trained individuals compared to untrained counterparts- may reflect ______ adaptation

A

Lower, calorie-sparing

68
Q

For trained person DIT represents ______ portion of TDEE

A

Small

69
Q

Exercise augments DIT- eat then exercise… should encourage exercise after eating to help _____

A

Weight control

70
Q

Perform exercise following meal of 1000-3000 kcal produces larger ________ than exercise without food

A

Energy expenditure

71
Q

Calorigenic effect of food on exercise metabolism nearly ______ food’s thermic effect at rest

A

Doubled

72
Q

Overweight individuals usually have _____ thermic response to eating that contributes to ______

A

Blunted

Excess body fat accumulation

73
Q

RMR of people living in tropics is _____% higher than those living in more temperate areas

A

5-20

74
Q

Exercise done in heat increases ___ load causing increase in VO2 by ___% as compared to work done in thermoneutral environment

A

MET

5%

75
Q

Increase in VO2 in tropics due to ______ core temperature, additional E required for sweat-gland activity and altered circulatory dynamics during work in heat

A

Increased

76
Q

Cold significantly _____ energy metabolism during rest and exercise

A

INCREASE

77
Q

At rest, metabolic rate can increase up to ____ as shivering begins

A

5 fold

78
Q

T/F: maternal CV dynamics follow normal response patterns

A

TRUE

79
Q

T/F: moderate exercise offers greater physiologic stress to mother other than additional weight gain and fetal tissue

A

FALSE- NO GREATER stress

80
Q

As pregnancy advances the increase in maternal body mass and changes in coordination and balance ______ affect exercise economy- adds to exercise effort with WB exercise

A

Adversely

81
Q

Direct calorimeter- E produced through __________ is equal to heat produced by body

A

Metabolism of food

82
Q

Airtight thermally insulated chamber used to measure heat

A

Direct calorimeter

83
Q

Each increase in H2O temp of 1 C per kg of H2O is = ____kcal of energy in direct calorimeter

A

1 kcal

84
Q

Calorimeters remain ______ for energy determinations for most sport, occupational, and recreational activities

A

Inapplicable

85
Q

_______ involves measurement of O2 consumption (VO2)

A

Indirect calorimeter

86
Q

All energy0releasing reactions in body ultimately depend on ___ use

A

O2 (fats need more O2 to be broken down)

87
Q

Form of measurement that is simpler and less expensive is _____ calorimetry

A

Indirect (metabolic cart)

88
Q

____ kcal/L O2 consumed is appropriate conversion factor to estimate energy expenditure under steady state conditions of aerobic metabolism

A

5.0

89
Q

Indirect calorimetry results are comparable to _____ measurement in human calorimeter

A

Direct

90
Q

EE can be expressed as:

A

VO2 (ml/kg/min or mL/min)
Kcal
MET

91
Q

MET is measure of activity intensity and represents person’s resting metabolism or VO2.
1 MET = ____ ml/kg/min or ____ kcal/kg/hr

A

3.5, 1

92
Q

____ is defined as multiples of RMR

A

MET

Ex: 3 METs = 3x rest or 10.5 ml/kg/min

93
Q

MET values based on mostly males from 21-25 yrs age: T/F

A

True…

94
Q

ADLs require _____ METs and most of the exercise intensities that promote health and fitness require moderate to vigorous levels

A

3-5

95
Q

For children, are METs used? Why/why not

A

NO- calculated for adult population

Children encouraged to take part in PA and achieve moderate-vigorous levels based on RPE

96
Q

VO2 absolute units

A

L/min

cannot be used to compare people

97
Q

VO2 relative units

A

ml.kg/min

Can be used for comparison (involves body mass)

98
Q

1 MET = resting VO2 or 3.5 ml.kg/min of _______

A

O2 UTILIZATION

99
Q

METs ______ metabolic cost of an activity

A

ESTIMATE

100
Q

Measurement tools to measure progress: (8)

A
  1. HR
  2. RPE
  3. MET level
  4. 6MWT
  5. RR
  6. Submax bike test
  7. Field tests
  8. Activity questionnaires
101
Q

RPE 11-16 usually ____ of VO2 max

A

50-75%

102
Q

RPE 18-19 generally causes

A

Fatigue

103
Q

RPE scale goes from ___-___

A

6-20

APPLIED PHYS (KN) (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions