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Pharmaceutics part B > Pulmonary Drug Delivery > Flashcards

Pulmonary Drug Delivery Flashcards

1
Q

components of aerosols

A

propellant
container
valve

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2
Q

advantages of aerosols

A 
alternative to parenteral 
fast onset of action 
direct systemic absorption 
noninvasive 
low dose minimal side effects 
tamper proof 
good stability 
accurate doses 
minimal potential for contamination
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3
Q

disadvantages of aerosols

A 
local actions 
admin techniques 
patient compliance 
limited applications
special drug properties 
unique production 
explosive and flammable 
environmental hazard high unit cost
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4
Q

basic requirements for aerosols

A 
non or low irritability 
reasonable solubility
low therapeutic activity 
physical/chemical compatibility 
satisfactory permeability 
pH range 5.5-7.5
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5
Q

respiratory diseases treated with aerosols

A

asthma
allergy
inflammation
COPD

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6
Q

drug types that use aerosols

A

corticosteroids
bronchodilators
non steroid antiinflammatory compounds

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7
Q

particle diameter 10um where will it deposit

A

oropharynx

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8
Q

particle diametes over 5 under 10um where will it deposit

A

central airways

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9
Q

particle diameter under 3 where wll it deposit

A

peripheral airways (gets to alveoli)

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10
Q

what is the systemic circulation

A

blood goes from left ventricle to the tissues to the right atrium

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11
Q

what is the pulmonary circulation

A

blood goes from right ventricle to lungs back to the left atrium

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12
Q

where is majority of absorption in the lungs

A

alveoli becuase thinner epithelium

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13
Q

some barriers of drug absorption in the central airway

A

mucus layer
cilia
epithelium

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14
Q

what are two places the drug is taken up in the central airway

A

blood vessel for systemic effects

smooth muscle for local action

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15
Q

barriers to drug absorption in the alveolus

A

surfactant
macrophage
epithelium

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16
Q

places of delivery in the alveolus

A

blood reaches systemic
endothelium for local action
epithelium for targeted delivery

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17
Q

bioavailability of aerosol compared to IV

A

slower absorption

more steady state

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18
Q

where is most of the inhaltion lost to

A

GI tract

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19
Q

5 things drug absorption depends on

A 
particle size 
propellant 
valve
admin techniques 
drug properties
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20
Q

what does the propellant do

A

push the drug out of the dosage form

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21
Q

3 types of propellents

A

chlorofluorocarbons
hydrofluorocarbons
hydrocarbons

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22
Q

what is the distribution of the contents of an aerosol when upright

A

vapour is lighter than the product so the porpellant sits at the top and product at the bottom

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23
Q

distribution of the inhlaer in the invert position

A

product at the bottom is in contact with the value

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24
Q

why do you want propellants with a low boiling point

A

become a gas at room temp so just drug goes in body

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25
Q

desired properties of CFC propellants

A 
low toxicity 
nonflammable 
inert
low boiling point, vapour pressure
heavt density 
for MDIs only
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26
Q

why might you combine propellants

A

to play around with the boiling point and vapour pressure

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27
Q

desired properties for hydrocarbon propellants

A 
nontoxic 
inert 
water based formulation 
low cost
light density
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28
Q

advantage of hydrocarbons

A

environmentally acceptable

29
Q

will new propellants be developed

A

no likely to develop new devices

30
Q

is patient does not taste anything are they using it wrong

A

no might not get taste

31
Q

what is a spray valve used for

A

topicals

32
Q

what does a spray valve spray out

A

fine course spray or foam

33
Q

is there a dose setting with a spray valve

A

no

34
Q

what dies a metered dose valce spray out

A

fine spray or powder

35
Q

metered dose vlaves have accurate doses in what range

A

50-75uL

36
Q

why might there be diference in absorption with metered dose valves

A

patients admin technique

37
Q

what are the coatings for on glass bottles

A

outside to protect from light and minimize breakage

inside to prevent interaction wth metals/glass

38
Q

manufacturing of aerosols

A

spreacialized equipment and environment
complex processing
unique quality control procedures
more expensive

39
Q

four things to test for quality control

A 
drug content stays the same 
delivery rate and amount 
dose uniformity 
pressure testing 
water content 
total discharge numbers
40
Q

how does an aerochamber work

A

slow down the aerosol so can slowly inhale and not lose to the environment

41
Q

advantages of solution aerosols

A

fast action
lss irritability because small particles
easy formulas

42
Q

disadvantages of solution aerosols

A

hard to find good cosolvent

stability issues

43
Q

cosolvents in solution aerosols

A

ethanol
polyethylene/dipropylene glycol
ethyl acetate
acetone

44
Q

contents of solution aerosols

A

drug in solution
fine particles
high portion of propellants
other additives

45
Q

whats the first digit in propellat nomenclature

A

one less than the number of carbon atoms

46
Q

whats the second digit of propellant nomenclature

A

one more than the number of hydrogen atoms

47
Q

whats the 3rd digit of propellant nomenclature

A

number of fluorine atoms

48
Q

advantages of suspension aerosols

A

fast onset

49
Q

disadvantages of suspension aerosols

A

complex formulation
potential irritability
stability

50
Q

size of particles in aerosols

A

5-10microns

51
Q

why do you want low moisture with suspension aerosols

A

can cause aggregation

52
Q

dispersion agents in suspension aerosols

A

polysorbates
sorbitan esters
oleyl alcohol
ethanol

53
Q

what type of formulation comes from emulsion aerosols and for what use

A

foam for topical use

NOT FOR LUNGS

54
Q

advantage and disadvantage of emulsion aerosol

A

easy to apply

stbaility issues

55
Q

examples of emulsifiers

A

glyceryl monostearate
polyoxyethylene fatty esters
fatty acid esters

56
Q

describe particle delivery with a propellant

A

spray out large droplets moving at a high velocity
propellant evaporate and fromation of small slow moving individual particles, aggregates, or partially evaporated droplets

57
Q

describe particle delivery without propellants

A

drug bound to a carrier to make the particle size bigger then mesh screen breaks them apart releasing the drug from the carrier

58
Q

spinhaler mechanism

A

perforating pins break open capsule to release drug

59
Q

rotahaler mechanism

A

goes through a mesh

60
Q

inhlator mechanism

A

pins puncture capsule, goes through grater and aerosolized

61
Q

diskhaler mechanism

A

blister pack thing so multiple doses

62
Q

easy haler mechanism

A

no propellant just push down to release the drug

63
Q

propellant free advantages

A

safe
stable
compatible
environmentally friendly

64
Q

propellant free disadvantages

A

formulation difficulty

extra procedures for admin

65
Q

device care , use, adn storage

A 
insert casule prior to use
regular cleaning 
proper assemble 
keep away from children 
replace after 6 months
66
Q

how to use metered dose inhalers

A 
shake inhaler
breathe out 
press the canister 
inhale deeply and slowly 
hold breathe for 10 seconds and exhale 
wait 30 seconds before next dose
67
Q

extra step in the other inhalers

A

load the drug

68
Q

future direction of inhalers

A

systemic
formulation modification and improvement
hardware invention
patient/consumer education

Pharmaceutics part B (4 decks)

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