Geriatric Flashcards
whats agood way for elderly to dinstinguish their meds
color
what are the geriatric age groups
young old: 65-75
middle old: 75-85
old old: over 85
challenges with geriatric populations
numerous chronic conditions
complex drug regimen likely drug interactions
difficulty with self administration
differences in ADME
why is enteric coating affected and pill released in the stomach
increased ph becuase of decreased gastric secretions
drug absorption, gastric emptying rate, and intestinal blood flow all..
decreased
serum albumin concentration, drug reaching tissues, and cardiac output all…
decrease
how is volume of distribution affected
for water soluble drugs it decreases
lipid soluble increases
protein bound increases
liver dysfunction includes what and causes what
decreased hepatic blood flow, decreased phase 1 metabolism, decreased liver size
results in increased half life of hepatically metabolized drugs, drug accumulation and pharmacological synergy
decreased function of the kidney results in
increased accumulation and pharmacological synergy
decreased metabolism of renally excreted drugs
why do you need to use sugar free products
glucose tolerance decreases
increased sensitivity to which drug
barbituates
decreased sensitivity to which drug
beta blocker
increased risk of falls with which drug
antohypertensives
which receptor response decreases
baroreceptor,
alpha and beta
mucosa changes
drier
increased susceptibility to injury
decreased capillary drug supply
mouth muscle changes
decreased bulk and tone
decreased masticatory efficiency
slaivary gland changes
decreased amount
increased viscosity
decreased amount of enzymes
teeth changes
loss of teeth
dentures
decreased chewing ability
problems wiht chewable tablets
decreased compliance
incomplete release
irritation
problems with sublingual/ buccal
incomplete release
compliance
local irritation
late onset of action
problems with capsules
adhere to mucosa
esophageal ulceration
choking
problems with liquid and suspensions
require measurements
inaccurate dosing
unacceptable oral formulations for elderly!!!!
capsules
buccal/subllingual
liquid/suspension
chewable
good about coated tablets
practicle shape and size
reasonable cost
easy to swallow
good things about granules/soluble tablets
reasonable cost
increase intake of water
easy to swallow
good things about gel preparations
easy to swallow
energy supplement
what should be avoided as additive
sugar and salt
why is parenteral mostly for only in hospital
invasive risk of infection necessary sterilization complex processing fragile packaging instability high cost incompliance
skin conditions
decreased elasticity derranged small blood vessels increased permeability increased clearance into the blood stream dry skin impaired wound healing
advantages of transdermal
convenient
long term
disadvantages of transdermal
variable absorption
incomplete distribution
dexterity issues
difficulty with self admin
difficulty handling small objects
ways to overcome dexterity issues
single unit dose
easy to open
big dosage forms
avoid liquid
how to overcome vision issues
big print avoid liquid single unit doses distinct colors in formulations distinct dosage formulation forms
compliance issues
poor memory multiple regimen taste preference side effets difficulty with self admin
ways to improve compliance
good taste and odor
single unit dose
calender reminder
pill organizer
