Pulmonary Diseases Flashcards
What are the similarities between the systemic mycoses?
- infection by inhalation
- CS: anorexia, lymphadenopathy, fever, resp. signs, weight loss, ocular signs
- Labwork: NON-regenerative anemia, polyclonal hyperglobulinemia, leukocytosis
- *- Thoracic rads: diffuse miliary to nodular interstitial dz**
Unique characteristics of Blasto
- far more common in Dogs
Region: Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys - BBBBB Big Blue Broad Based Budding Yeast
- lameness and bone lesions & cutaneous draining tracts/lesions
- LN can be local OR generalized
- easy to see on cytology - hypercalcemia may occur (bone lesions)
- serology useful
Unique characteristics of histoplasma
- dogs AND cats
- Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys
- *- bone lesions RARE**; if there, more common in cat
- LN usually generalized
- skin lesions uncommon
- hepatosplenomegaly
- GI signs may predominate
- can involved bone marrow
- serology NOT HELPFUL
Unique about coccidiomycosis
- predominates in the SW region
- same signs as Blasto
- hard to find cytologically
- serology USEFUL
TX of Blasto penumonia
Itraconazole 2-3 months
Amphotericin B followed by itraconazole or ketoconazole in life-threatening situations
TX of Histo pneumonia
Itraconazole minimum 2-4 months
- Ketoconazole effective but more side effects
- Amphotericin B followed by itraconazole or ketoconazole in life-threatening or fulminate GI situations
TX of Coccidiomycosis
Ketoconazole for 6-12 months – 1 year minimum if disseminated
- Itraconazole effective but more expensive
Adverse effects of antifungal medications
Itraconzole: Inc. liver enzymes (ALT esp.); vasculitis
Ketoconazole: Inc. liver enzymes and icterus (hepatotoxicity); anorexia; vomiting (cats especially)
Amphotericin B: nephrotoxicity
Most common signs of patients with Parasitic Infections
most are subclinical
if you see them: coughing, wheezing, dyspnea, inc. breath sounds
Diagnostic findings of patients with parasitic lung infections
Aelurostrongylus abstrusus: Feline lungworm
- nodular densities on thoracic rads esp. caudal lung
- eosinophilia
- fecal or TTW could show larvae
Paragonimus kellicotti: Lung fluke of dogs and cats
- cystic lesion on thoracic rads or pneumothorax if rupture
- Operculated ova on fecal
TX of parasitic lung infection
Fenbendazole works for both
Ivermection for Aelurostrongylus
Praziquantel for Paragonimus
How do you distinguish between primary and metastatic neoplasia on thoracic rads?
Primary: usually single nodule
Metastatic: usually diffuse interstitial nodules
Eventually they can both appear as any pattern.
Most common types of Primary pulmonary neoplasia
Adenocarcinoma
Bronchial carcinoma
SCC
List the common metastatic neoplasms
Thyroid adenocarcinoma Mammary adenocarcinoma Osteosarcoma Chondrosarcoma Hemangiosarcoma Malignant melanoma
List four (4) prognostic factors for animals with pulmonary neoplasia.
Size, type, extent and metastasis/LN involvement
Tumor type: adenocarcinoma better than SCC
Tumor size: smaller > larger
Extent of tumor: one lobe > multiple
LN involvement: none > any
