Pulmonary Diseases

Question 1

Emphysema(COPD)

Answer 1

Alveolar walls breakdown
Reduced recoil
Lungs less elastic & more floppy
Breathlessness

*enzyme ELACTASE breaks down elastin(usually protected by AAT) in alveolar walls,collapse of alveoli,air trapped,scar tissue formation hence decreased Gaseous Exchange.

Question 2

Chronic Bronchitis(COPD)

Answer 2

Inflammation of the bronchi
Cough,wheezing,excess mucus production

Question 3

Asthma

Answer 3

Airflow obstruction,bronchial hyper responsiveness & inflammation

Types:drug-induced
Non-atopic
Atopic
Occupational
Exercise induced(patients cant produce flow-volume loops).

Question 4

Pulmonary embolism

Answer 4

Thrombus formation in the lungs that travel tp lungs
Cause reduced perfusion
Caused by VIRCHOWS TRIAD: Stasis,coagulation changes,injury to blood vessel

Diagnose via PULMONARY ANGIOGRAM

Question 5

Pneumothorax

Answer 5

Collapsing of lung due to air entering the intrapleural cavity
Cause reduced ventilation
Air pressure inside increases hence lung collapse inwards