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RRT Exam > Pulmonary Diagnostic Testing > Flashcards

Pulmonary Diagnostic Testing Flashcards

0
Q

What is the purpose of A-aDO2 (the A-a Gradient)?

A

This equation measures the difference between alveolar and arterial PO2

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1
Q

What is the calculation for the partial pressure oxygen (PO2) in the alveoli?

A

PAO2= (PB-PH20)FIO2-PaCO2/.8

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2
Q

What is the formula to the A-a Gradient?

A

A-aDO2= PAO2-PaO2

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3
Q

What is the interpretation of an A-a Gradient of 25-65 mm Hg on 100%?

A

Normal Value

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4
Q

What is the interpretation of an A-a Gradient of 66-300 mm Hg?

A

V/Q Mismatch

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5
Q

What is the interpretation of an A-a Gradient greater than 300 mm Hg?

A

Shunting

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6
Q

What is the difference between the P/F Ratio and the A-a Gradient?

A

P(A-a)O2 : 300 means Shunting

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7
Q

Which Pulmonary Diagnostic Testing of 300 signifies ALI?

A

P/F Ratio

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8
Q

Which Pulmonary Diagnostic Testing of 300 signifies V/Q Mismatch?

A

P(A-a)O2 Gradient

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9
Q

What is CaO2?

A

Arterial Oxygen Content

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10
Q

What does measuring CaO2 mean?

A

It is the best measurement of oxygen delivered to the tissues, or the best index of oxygen transport; oxygen carried by the hemoglobin and dissolved in the plasma.

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11
Q

What is the formula for CaO2?

A

CaO2= (Hb x 1.34 x SaO2) + (PaO2 x .003)

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12
Q

What is the normal value for CaO2?

A

17-20 vol% or 19 vol%

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13
Q

What is CvO2?

A

Mixed venous oxygen content

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14
Q

What does the CvO2 mean?

A

It tells about the total amount of oxygen carried in the mixed venous blood

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15
Q

How is the CvO2 measured?

A

The blood is drawn from the Pulmonary Artery via the balloon-tip, flow directed (Swanz-Ganz) catheter

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16
Q

What is the formula for CvO2?

A

CvO2= (Hb x 1.34 x SvO2) + (PvO2 x .003)

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17
Q

What is the normal value for CvO2?

A

14 vol% (12-16 vol%)

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18
Q

When cardiac output decreases , what else decreases?

A

CvO2 and SvO2

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19
Q

Normally, what is the pressure on the left ventricle?

A

120/0

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20
Q

What is the mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the systemic arteries?

A

90 mm Hg (120/80)

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21
Q

What is the normal value for the Central Venous Pressure (CVP)?

A

2-6 mm Hg (<10)

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22
Q

What are the normal values of the Pulmonary Artery Pressure (PAP)?

A

25/8 mm Hg (teens)

23
Q

What are the normal values for the Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure (PCWP)?

A

8 mm Hg

24
Q

What is the normal values for Cardiac Output (QT)?

A

4-8 L/min

25
Q

What is Cardiac Index?

A

Cardiac Output divided by the Body Surface Area

26
Q

What is the Cardiac Output divided by the Body Surface Area?

A

Cardiac Index

27
Q

What is a normal adult cardiac index (CI)?

A

2-4 L/min/m2

28
Q

If the PCWP is high, where is the problem?

A

In the left heart

29
Q

What pressures will be affected if there is a problem in the capillaries?

A

Mean Arterial Pressure (systemic)

30
Q

If CVPs are high, where is the problem?

A

In the right heart

31
Q

What pressures will be affected if the problem is in the lungs?

A

Pulmonary Artery Pressures (PAP)

32
Q

What is the C(a-v)O2 (or arterial-venous oxygen content difference)?

A

It is CvO2 subtracted from CaO2, and measures the oxygen consumption of the tissues

33
Q

What indicates a decreasing cardiac output when referring to the C(a-v)O2?

A

An increase in the C(a-v)O2; which means a decreasing CvO2

34
Q

What P/F ratio signifies ALI?

A

A ratio less than 300 torr

35
Q

What P/F ratio signifies ARDS?

A

A ratio less than 200 torr

36
Q

If O2 Consumption (VO2) and O2 Content Difference (C(a-v)O2) are known, what equation will be used?

A

QT (Cardiac Output)

37
Q

What is the QT (Cardiac Output) equation formula?

A

VO2/

C(a-v)O2 (10)

38
Q

What is the normal value for QT (Cardiac Output)?

A

4-8 L/min (5)

39
Q

What is QS/QT?

A

The shunt equation

40
Q

What does the QS/QT (shunt equation) mean?

A

It is the portion of the cardiac output (QT) that is shunted (QS)

41
Q

What is the QS/QT (shunt equation) formula?

A

(A-aDO2)(.003)/

(A-aDO2).003 + C(a-v)O2

42
Q

Calculate the percent (%) shunt when A-aDO2 is 300 torr and the C(a-v)O2 is 3.6 vol%

A

.20 or 20% shunt

43
Q

What are the normal values for the QS/QT (shunt equation)?

A

3-5%

44
Q

How can the PaO2 value be estimated from the SaO2?

A

Subtract 30 from the SaO2

45
Q

If SaO2 values are 70, 80, or 90, what are the estimated PaO2 values?

A

40, 50, and 60 PaO2

46
Q

What is the Deadspace to Tidal Volume Ratio?

A

It is the percentage of tidal volume that is deadspace (areas of the lung that do not participate in gas exchange) ventilation without perfusion

47
Q

What are normal values for the VD/VT (deadspace to tidal volume ratio)?

A

20-40%, (up to 60% for ventilator patients).

48
Q

What is PaCO2-PECO2 x 100/

PaCO2 ?

A

The VD/VT (deadspace to tidal volume ratio) formula

49
Q

What indicates a deadspace producing disease (pulmonary embolism) when it comes to the deadspace to tidal volume ratio?

A

An INCREASE in the VD/VT ratio

50
Q

Calculate the VD/VT ratio for a patient who has a PaCO2 of 40 torr and a PECO2 of 30 torr.

A

.25 or 25%

51
Q

What is the formula for the Desired Minute Volume equation?

A

(Current VE x Current PaCO2) = (Desired VE x Desired PaCO2)

52
Q

With a minute volume of 8 L/min, the patient has a PaCO2 of 50 torr. What minute volume is required to achieve a PaCO2 of 40 torr?

A

VE = 10 L/min

53
Q

What is the formula for the Desired PaO2 equation?

A

FIO2 x Desired PaO2/

Current PaO2

54
Q

What is the normal value for DLCO?

A

25 ml CO/min/mm Hg (STPD)

RRT Exam (3 decks)

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