Medical Gas Therapy Flashcards
What causes Retinopathy of Prematurity in premature infants and neonate?
High PaO2 and not a high FIO2
What are the hazards and complications of Oxygen Therapy?
Fire hazards, Retinopathy of Prematurity, O2 induced hypoventilation, O2 toxicity, and Absorption Atelectasis
What is the treatment for patients affected by O2 induced hypoventilation?
Decrease level of inspired FIO2
What causes Absorption Atelectasis?
Rapid changes in FIO2
Which category are nasal cannulas, simple masks, and partial rebreather masks in?
Low flow devices
What is the recommended flow rate for a simple mask?
6-10 L/min
What type of patient is a nasal cannula most appropriate?
COPD patients and “comfort care”
What is the recommended flow rate for a simple mask?
6-10 L/ min
What are examples of High Flow Devices?
Non-rebreather Mask, Air Entrainment Mask/Venturi Mask, Brigg’s Adaptor/T-Piece, and aerosol mask, trach collar and face tent
In what instances would a non-rebreather mask be appropriate?
Emergency situations, pneumos, CO poisoning, CHF, Burns
In what cases should an Air Entrainment Mask be recommended?
Accuracy of FIO2, patients with irregular respiratory rates, breathing patterns and tidal volumes
What happens to FIO2 if the Air Entrainment port size is increased?
FIO2 is decreased
What happens to Total Flow if the Air Entrainment port size is increased?
Total flow increases
If the flow through the oxygen outlet is increased or decreased, what happens to the FIO2 with an Air Entrainment Mask?
The FIO2 remains the same
Which high flow system is ideal for COPD patients?
Air Entrainment Masks
With a Brigg’s adaptor (T-Piece), what should be seen from the reservoir tubing during inspiration?
Aerosol should be seen
What should be done if aerosol disappears from reservoir tubing in the Brigg’s adaptor?
- Increase the flow
- Add more reservoir tubing
- Set up a device to provide more flow (blender, tandem set-up, change flow meter)
What kind of patients are Oxygen Hoods used for?
Infants
Which oxygen device is used for the administration if oxygen and high humidity?
Oxygen Hood
What flow rates are recommended for an Oxygen Hood?
7-14 L/min
What is the best way to monitor oxygen levels with an Oxygen Hood?
The preferred method is to analyze O2 continuously near the infant’s face
What are some indications for the Oxygen Tent?
Indicated for pediatric patients requiring a controlled environment
How will an RT know if a pediatric patient has fluid overload from a Oxygen Tent?
The patient will experience weight gain
How might an RT recommend treating CO Poisoning, Decompression Sicknesses (bends) or Anaerobic Infections (gas gangrene)?
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy
What level of atmospheric pressure are most HBO therapy conducted?
2-6 ATA
What kind of therapy might benefit patients with increased airway resistance, edema, foreign object obstruction, or partial vocal cord paralysis?
Helium/Oxygen Therapy
What device should be used to administer Helium/Oxygen Therapy?
Non-Rebreathing Masks
When using an O2 flow meter to regulate flow, how is the causal flow calculated?
80/20 mixture: 1.8 times greater than the L/min
70/30 mixture: 1.6 times greater than the L/min
What kind of connections do H Cylinders utilize?
American Standard Safety System (ASSS)
What kind of connections are utilized for E Cylinders?
Pin Index Safety System (PISS)
If a tank is leaking, how should an RT troubleshoot for problems?
Check and tighten all connections, check outlet for debris, and check/replace washer
If a patient states that no flow is sensed from the cannula, how should an RT troubleshoot the problem?
Verify the flow by inserting the cannula into a glass of water and checking for bubbles
What is the formula to check the duration of flow for oxygen tanks and cylinders?
Gauge pressure (psi) x tank factor/ Liter flow
Which tank has the tank factor or 0.3?
E Cylinder
What tank has a tank factor of 3.0?
H Cylinder
How long will a full E Cylinder last at a flow of 10 L/min?
66 min (I hr & 6 min)
How long will an H Cylinder with 700 psig run at a flow rate of 5 LPM?
420 min (7 hours)
What are the advantages of Liquid bulk oxygen?
- Stores large quantities of oxygen that minimizes storage
- Provides an unlimited supply of oxygen to patients
- Backed up by a manifold system
If a massive leak occurs after removing a flow meter, how might an RT troubleshoot the problem?
- Try inserting it into the wall
- Contact personnel and supply supplemental oxygen to patient
- Turn off zone valve?
How can an RT achieve a precise FIO2 with an oxygen blender?
It can be used with a non-rebreather mask to achieve a precise FIO2
What are the Air to Oxygen Entrainment & Total Flow Factors for FIO2 concentrations of 28, 35, 40, 60, and 100?
28=11 35=5.6 40=4 60=2 100=1
How does Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy improve the oxygenation status of patients?
It increases the partial pressure of oxygen
