Pulmonary & Critical Care Flashcards
Treatment:
Respiratory compromise in a newborn with suspected congenital diaphragmatic hernia
- endotracheal intubation
2. gastric tube to decompress the stomach and bowel
True or False:
Bag-and-mask ventilation can be used to treat a newborn presenting with respiratory compromise due to a congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
False. Bag-and-mask ventilation can exacerbate respiratory decline.
Define anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction characterized by: (1) sudden collapse or (2) symptoms involving >1 organ system after exposure to an offending antigen.
Treatment:
Anaphylaxis
Intramuscular epinephrine should be given immediately to reduce mortality.
Diagnosis:
CXR of a child younger than three shows opacification adjacent to the the right heart border in the anterior mediastinum.
This is the thymic silhouette, a normal finding on the frontal X-ray of a child younger than 3.
Diagnosis:
CXR of a child older than three shows opacification adjacent to the the right heart border in the anterior mediastinum
Possibly (1) pneumonia or (2) malignancy depending on the clinical context.
Pathophysiology:
Respiratory distress syndrome
Respiratory distress syndrome is caused by surfactant deficiency.
List the two most important risk factors for respiratory distress syndrome.
- prematurity
2. maternal diabetes mellitus
Clinical Manifestation:
Toddler with
- sudden-onset respiratory distress
- history of choking
- focal findings on physical examination
Foreign body aspiration
Treatment:
Foreign body aspiration
Immediate bronchoscopy to remove the foreign body
True or False:
It is very valuable to get a CXR to confirm a suspected case of foreign body aspiration.
False, CXR is of limited help as most objects are radiolucent and appear black on plain film.
