Dermatology Flashcards
What is a superficial infantile hemangioma?
A superficial infantile hemangioma is a benign capillary tumor of childhood that appears during the first weeks of life and grows rapidly.
Treatment:
Superficial hemangioma
- Observation; most regress spontaneously
2. Beta-blocker
Describe the typical population of children affected by staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS).
- Children younger than 10
- Adults with kidney disease
- Adults who are immune compromised.
Clinical Manifestation:
- prodrome: fever, irritability, skin tenderness
- generalized erythema
- superficial flaccid blisters (Nikolsky sign +)
- Scaling and desquamation before resolution of disease process.
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS)
What is the Nikolsky sign?
A patient has a positive Nikolsky sign when gentle lateral pressure on the skin surface adjacent to a blister causes slipping and detachment of a superficial layer of skin.
Pathogenesis:
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS)
SSSS is caused by a strain of S. aureus that produces an exfoliative toxin.
Pathogenesis:
Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP)
IgA-mediated vasculitis
Clinical Presentation:
Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP)
- Palpable purpura on lower extremities
- Abdominal pain
- Arthralgias
- Renal involvement
How might you distinguish HSP from other causes of purpura?
HSP presents with a normal platelet count.
What is the laymen’s name for seborrheic dermatitis?
cradle cap
Clinical manifestation:
Palpular, scaly rash on the eyebrows, nasolabial folds, and/or scalp
Seborrheic dermatitis
Treatment:
Seborrheic dermatitis
- Moisterizers
- Antifungals
- Topical Steroids
Clinical Manifestations:
Atopic dermatitis (eczema) in infancy
- Pruritus
- Scaly, erythematous lesions on the face, chest and extensor surfaces of the extremities
- Note, flexural involvement is more common in children and adults.
Treatment:
Atopic dermatitis in infancy
- Topical emollients=first line
What are the three main characteristics of deliberate scald injuries?
- Sharp lines of demarcation
- Uniform burn depth
- Spared flexor surfaces
Common features of accidents include: (1) splash marks (2) non-uniform burn depth (3) poorly defined wound margins (4) immediate presentation after injury
Clinical Manifestations:
Erythematous, scaly, pruritic rash with central clearing
Tinea (corporis, pedis, etc.)
Treatment:
Tinea corporis
- Topical antifungals (i.e. Terbenafine)
Define eczema herpeticum.
Eczema herpeticum is a form of primary herpes simplex virus infection associated with atopic dermatitis. Typically you would see vesicles over the area of atopic dermatitis.
Clinical Manifestations:
umbilicated vesicles overlying the erythematous skin of a baby with known atopic dermatitis
Eczema herpeticum
Treatment:
Eczema herpeticum
Acyclovir
Note, this is a life-threatening illness and prompt treatment is necessary.
Clinical Manifestation:
Scattered, blanching erythematous macules, papules & pustules throughout the body of a nenoate
erythema toxicum neonatorum
Treatment:
Erythema toxicum neonatorum
No treatment; usually resolves in 2 weeks
What recommendations can you give patients regarding the optimal strength and timing for sun protection.
Patients should apply factor 15-30 sunblock 15-30 minutes before exposure.
Which populations are most likely to present with Mongolian spots in infancy?
- African
- Asian
- Hispanic
- Native American
Treatment:
Mongolian spot
No treatment; usually fades spontaneously in during the first decade of life.
Clinical Manifestation:
Allergic contact dermatitis
- erythema
- edema
- pruritis
- tiny vesicles and weepy or crusted lesions
Symptoms occur 24-48 hours after contact with the allergen.
What type of hypersensitivity is allergic contact dermatitis?
Cell-mediated hypersensitivity (type IV)
