Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardio > Pulmonary Changes with Age Exam 3 > Flashcards

Pulmonary Changes with Age Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanical Changes: thoracic cage

A

Increased collagen leading to increased stiffness of costovertebral joints

loss of disc height leading to increase thoracic kyphosis and increased A-P diameter of the cage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lung Parenchyma Changes with age

A

Decreased compliance in small airways

● More difficult to fill with air

⦿Increased size & production of mucous glands

⦿Decreased elastic recoil of lungs

● gas trapping…what is this similar to? COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Alevoli change with age

A
  • decreased available surface area of gas exchange
  • decreased diffusion capacity

decreased number of pulmonary capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Change in respiratory muscle with age?

A

⦿Decreased size of Type I and II
⦿Decreased number of motor units
⦿Slowing at the neuromuscular junction
⦿Lose optimal L-T due to anatomical changes

  • muscles must work harder to create negative pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lung volume and capacities with age

A

⦿Decreased FVC ⦿Decreased FEV1 ⦿Increased RV

⦿No change in TLC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

If you exercise with elders what changes will be seen with a greater ventilation:

A
  • increased oxygen consumption
  • decreased strength of respiratory muscle
  • increased resistance to airflow
  • changes in bony thorax
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In elders who exercise less oxygen is available for myocardium and muscles during exercise leading to what?

A 
● Decreased compliance of chest wall
● Decreased respiratory muscle strength 
● Lungs are more compliant (air trapping)
 ● Increased small airway resistance
● Decreased ability to diffuse gasses
● Able to maintain respiration at rest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Normal inspiratory reserve volume

A

3100 ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Normal tidal volume

A

500 ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Normal expiratory reserve volume

A

1200 ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Normal residual volume

A

1200 ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Normal Inspiratory capacity

A

3600 ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Normal residual capacity

A

2400 ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Normal Vital capacity

A

4800 ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Normal Total lung capacity

A

6000 ml

6 liters in men
5 liters in women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

FEV1 ranges

A

● Little Obstruction FEV1 > 2 L

● Mild to Moderate FEV1 1-2L ● Severe FEV1 <1L

17
Q

Gold Classification system gold 1:

A

mild

FEV 1 > 80% predicted

greater than or equal to 80

18
Q

Gold Classification system gold 2:

A

Moderate

50 < FEV1 < 80% predicted

equal to 50

19
Q

Gold Classification system gold 3:

A

Severe

30 < FEV1 < 50%

Equal to 50

20
Q

Gold Classification system gold 4:

A

Very severe

FEV1 < 30%

21
Q

Goals for medical assessment

A

Determine level of airflow limitation

Determine impact on health status

Determine risk of future events

22
Q

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

a common, preventable, and treatable disease, is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation that is due to airway and/or alveolar abnormalities usually caused by significant exposure to noxious particles or gases.

23
Q

Goals of treating COPD

A

“Concomitant diseases are common; heart disease, muscle wasting, metabolic syndrome, anxiety, depression, lung cancer. These should be evaluated and treated as they have an independent correlation to hospitalizations and mortality.”

24
Q

compared to usual care PR provides moderately large and clinically significant improvements in:

A 
● Dyspnea
● Fatigue
● Emotional functioning 
● Health-related QOL
● Exercise capacity
25
Q

PR Goals:

A 
⦿Modification of Risk Factors
⦿Increase strength
⦿Increase endurance
⦿Reduce economic burden of pulmonary disease
⦿Return to work 
⦿Improve quality of life
26
Q

Candidates of PR:

A

Dx of chronic, stable respiratory condition with symptoms that impair FUNCTION

27
Q

Terminating exercise in PR

A 
⦿ Breathlessness, fatigue, weakness beyond normal levels that doesn’t improve with rest or management with oxygen, medications, tripod positioning
⦿ Chest pain or tightness
⦿ Muscle pain that doesn’t improve
⦿ Feeling Dizzy or faint
⦿ Leg pain, weakness, cramping
⦿ Sweating more than usual with exercise
28
Q

MMRC dyspnea scale grade 0

A

only get breathless with strenuous exercise

29
Q

MMRC dyspnea scale grade 1

A

short of breath when hurrying on level ground or walking up a hill

30
Q

MMRC dyspnea scale grade 2

A

walk slower than people of same age b/c of breathlessness or have to stop for breath when walking at my own pace

31
Q

MMRC dyspnea scale grade 3

A

Stop for breath after walking 100 yards or a few minutes on level ground

32
Q

MMRC dyspnea scale grade 4

A

too breathless to leave house or i am breathless when dressing

33
Q

St. george is validated in:

A

COPD, bronchiectasis and sarcoidosis

34
Q

Transtheoretical model: precontemplation

A

No intention to take action in next 6 months

35
Q

Transtheoretical model: contemplation

A

Intention to take action in next 6 months

36
Q

Transtheoretical model: preparation

A

Intention to take action in next 30d and has taken

behavioral steps to initiate change

37
Q

Transtheoretical model: action

A

Behavior has changed for <6 months

38
Q

Transtheoretical model: maintenance

A

Behavior has changed for > 6 months

Cardio (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions