pulmonary assessment Flashcards
what is IRV
what is ERV
volume of air that can be exhaled beyond normal exhalation
what is TV
what is RV
volume of air in lungs after maximum exhalation
what is VC
Maximum exhale starting from maximum inhale
what is functional reserve volume (FRV)
FVC
maximum expiration from TLC to RV for > 6 seconds. measure vital capacity
FVC
maximum expiration from TLC to RV for > 6 seconds. measure vital capacity
aging changes to alveoli
lose shape & become baggy
air gets trapped in lungs decreasing perfucion
aging changes to RV, TLC, VC ,RV/TLC, FEV1
- Increases: RV, RV/TLC
- constant: TLC
- decreases: VC, FEV1
why does expiratory flow decrease as lung volume decrease (3)
- lung recoil decreases while compliance increases
- airway resistance increase
- air trapping causes increased residual volume (RV)
FEV1/FVC in obstructive vs restrictive dz
- decreases in obstructive
- increases or is normal in restrictive dz
FEV1/FVC in obstructive vs restrictive dz
- decreases in obstructive
- increases or is normal in restrictive dz
why is there increased FEV1/FVC in restrictive disease? (2)
increased lung recoil
decresed airway resistance
FEV1/FVC ratio in mild vs moderate vs severe OPD
- mild 60-70%
- moderate 50-60
- severe < 50%
which 2 PFTs have normal values of 75-120%?
FRC and RV
if TLC is under 80% the pattern is ____
restrictive
list 4 common restrictive diseases
- pleural effusion
- pneumonia
- CHF
- pulm. fibrosis
- used to diagnose bronchial hyperreactivity, which is the hallmark of asthma and
- inhaling the aerosolized particles lead to bronchoconstriction
methacholine challenge test
what is a positive bronchodilator response
increase in FEV1 (or FVC) of at least 12% AND absolute increase in FEV1 (or FVC) of at least 200 mL
test to look at diffusion capacity where you take in carbon monoxide and hold it for 10 seconds and exhale and that sample is analyzed
DLCO
- biomarker; identify eosinophilic asthma
- Evaluate non-specific respiratory symptom
- Evaluate steroid-responsive airway inflammation
- Over 50 ppb is elevated
FENO
