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Cardiopulm > Pulmonary Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Pulmonary Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Apnea vs. Apneusis

A

Apnea- cessation of respiration in expiration

Apneusis- cessation of respiration in inspiration

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2
Q

Pulmonary abbreviations
A vs. a

A

A= alveolar
a= arterial

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3
Q

What is the pseudo lobe of the lung?

A

Lingula

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4
Q

Bronchiole # for superior lobes

A

B1-B3

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5
Q

Bronchiole # for middle lobe and lingula

A

B4 and B5

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6
Q

Bronchiole # for inferior lobe

A

B6-B10

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7
Q

What parts of the pulmonary system are considered dead zones? (no gas exchange)

A

Trachea

Bronchi

Bronchioles

Terminal bronchioles

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8
Q

What parts of the pulmonary system are considered transitional and respiratory zones?

A

Respiratory

Alveolar ducts

Alveolar sacs

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9
Q

What maintains surface tension in alveolus?

A

Surfactant

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10
Q

What is atelectasis?

A

Collapsing of lung

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11
Q

What happens in acute respiratory distress (ARDS)? What causes?

A

Decreases compliance and surfactant secretion

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12
Q

Breathing biomechanics in inspiration

A

Diaphragm contracts

Rib cage rises up and out

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13
Q

Breathing biomechanics in expiration

A

Diaphragm relaxes

Rib cages descends and in

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14
Q

How does air enter the lungs?

A

Thoracic cavity expands and decreases pressure

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15
Q

What diseases have difficulty with inspiration?

A

Restrictive or low compliance diseases

High work elasticity

e.g. fibrosis

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16
Q

What diseases have difficulty with exhalation?

A

Obstructive or high air flow resistance diseases

High flow resistance

e.g. asthma

17
Q

Differences between obstructive vs. restrictive pulmonary diseases

A

Obstructive diseases have difficulty breathing out, so high residual volumes

Restrictive diseases have difficulty breathing in, so low inspiratory volumes

18
Q

Inspiration muscles

A

External intercostals

19
Q

Expiration muscles

A

Internal intercostals

Innermost intercostals

Transverse thoracis

20
Q

Accessory muscles of breathing

A

SCM
Scalenes
UT- upper trap
Pec Major and Minor
Pull chest open
Serratus Posterior Superior
Serratus Anterior
Rhomboids
Lats
Erector Spinae Muscles

21
Q

Nervous system control of breathing

A

Inspiration = sympathetic

Exhalation = parasympathetic

22
Q

What drives respiratory rate?

A

Chemoreceptors sensing CO2

23
Q

Relationship between bronchodilation and cardiovascular response

A

Inverse response

Bronchodilator drugs will increase HR and BP

24
Q

Bronchial C-fibers receptor

A

Rapid, shallow breathing

Bronchoconstriction

25
Q

J receptors

A

Juxta-capillary

26
Q

What does going prone on a ventilator do?

A

Improves ventilation-perfusion matching

27
Q

Hemoglobin structure

A

4 globin peptide chains

4 heme groups that bind oxygen

Cardiopulm (6 decks)

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