Pulmonary Acid Base

Question 1

What is the buffering power of a weak acid?

Answer 1

-the number of moles of strong base or acid needed to add to a liter of solution to increase or decrease the pH by one

Question 2

what is the henderson-hassselbach equation for calculating blood pH?

Answer 2

pH = 6.1 + log [HCO3] / (0.3 x pCO2)

Question 3

What are the two physiological buffer systems in our body?

Answer 3

• CO2 release in lungs

- H+ excretion in kidneys

Question 4

What distinquishes an acid-base disorder as metabolic vs. respiratory?

Answer 4

• Respiratory = first problem is disturbance in CO2

- Metabolic = First problem is disturbance in HCO3

Question 5

What is the formula for anion gap?

Answer 5

AG = Na - Cl - HCO3

Question 6

What are the causes of AG metabolic acidosis?

Answer 6

-A MUD PILES

Aspirin

Methanol
Uremia
DKA*

Paraldehyde
Ischemia
Lactic Acidosis*
Ethanol
Sepsis/starvation

Question 7

What are the two divisions of non-anion Gap acidosis?

Answer 7

• hypokalemic

- hyperkalemic

Question 8

What are the causes of hypokalemic Acidosis?

Answer 8

• diarrhea
• ileal loop
• Type 2 proximal RTA

Question 9

What is the usual cause of Hyperkalemic Acidosis?

Answer 9

-Type IV RTA

Question 10

What are the usual causes of metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 10

• vomiting
• NG suction
• Diuretics
• volume depletion
• steroid abnormalities

Question 11

What is the strict definition of respiratory acidosis and alkalosis?

Answer 11

• Acidosis = decreased clearance of CO2

- Aklalosis = increased clearance of CO2

Question 12

What are the causes of respiratory acidosis?

Answer 12

• Disorder of resp muscles
• airway obstruction
• COPD, Pneumonia, Pulmonary edema