Intro to Pulmonary Function

Question 1

What spinal levels innervate the diaphragm?

Answer 1

-C3-C5 Phrenic nerve

Question 2

At what point in the respiratory trunk does cartilage disappear?

Answer 2

-bronchi–>bronchioles

Question 3

What are the 6 structures of the airway in order of decreasing size?

Answer 3

Conducting Zone

• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Bronchioles

Respiratory zone:

• Respiratory Bronchioles
• Alveolar Ducts
• Alveolar Sacs/Alveoli

Question 4

What is the anatomical dead space of the lungs?

Answer 4

-the volume created by the non-gas exchange conducting airways

Question 5

What volume of air is present in the anatomical dead space?

Answer 5

-150 ml

Question 6

What is the first branching of the bronchial tree that has gas exchange capabilities?

Answer 6

-Respiratory bronchioles

Question 7

What structure provides the greatest surface area for gas exchange?

Answer 7

• alveoli

- NOT alveolar sacs

Question 8

What do the two types of epithelial alveolar cells do?

Answer 8

• Type I facilitates gas exchange

- Type II secretes surfactant and regenerates type I

Question 9

What do alveolar macrophages do?

Answer 9

-Eat dust and transport it to bronchioles so cilia can remove it

Question 10

What is the alveolar-capillary unit?

Answer 10

-the site of gas exchange in the lung

Question 11

How does gravity affect blood flow through the pulmonary arteries?

Answer 11

• there are regional variations in blood flow

- flow is lowest at the apex of the lung when standing

Question 12

Describe the blood flow from the bronchial arteries:

Answer 12

Bronchial arteries –> bronchial veins –> pulmonary veins

Question 13

What is the mean pressure in the pulmonary artery?

Answer 13

-15mmHg