Pulmonary Flashcards
what’s the MC cause of lung cancer?
smoking
where are METS MC in lung cancer?
brain, bone, liver, LNs, & adrenals
what are the 2 types of lung cancer?
Non-Small Cell Carcinoma (NSCC) & Small Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
who is adenocarcinoma lung cancer MC in?
smokers, women, & nonsmokers
where does adenocarcinoma lung cancer occur in the lungs?
peripherally
where does SCC lung cancer occur in the lungs?
centrally
what is squamous cell lung cancer a/w?
cavitary lesions (central necrosis), hypercalcemia, & pancoast syndrome
what are the types of NSCC lung cancer?
- Adenocarcinoma
- Squamous Cell
- Large Cell (Anaplastic) Carcinoma
what’s the s/s of lung cancer?
cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea
SVC syndrome
Hypercalcemia (esp. with Squamous Cell)
SIADH/Hyponatremia (MC w/ small cell)
Cushing’s syndrome (ectopic ACTH - MC w/ small cell)
Pancoast Syndrome (shoulder pain, Horner’s syndrome, atrophy of hand/arm muscles)
what’s the dx of lung cancer?
- CXR & CT scan (often seen on CXR but not used for screening; CT used for staging)
- Sputum cytology (good for central lesions)
- Bronchoscopy - for central lesions
what’s the tx of NSCC lung cancer?
surgical resection = TOC
what’s the tx of small cell lung cancer?
chemotherapy = TOC
what’s transudative pleural effusion?
d/t either incr. hydrostatic &/or decr. oncotic pressure
what’s the MC cause of transudative pleural effusion? other causes?
CHF = MC cause
nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis = other causes
what is exudative pleural effusion? causes?
increase vascular permeability
causes: infection/inflammation
what are the s/s of pleural effusion?
MC asx
if symptomatic -> dyspnea, “pleuritic” chest pain, cough
what’s the PE like for pleural effusion?
decr. tactile fremitus, decr. breath sounds, dullness to percussion