Pulmo. Hemoptysis + clubbing + nitrofurantoin 10-28 (1) Flashcards
Hemoptysis. Pulmonary? 3
bronchitis
lung cancer
bronchiectasis
Hemoptysis. cardiac? 2
mitral stenosis
acute pulmonary edema (nu jie abu kinda susije)
Hemoptysis. infectious? 4
TBC
lung abscess
bacterial pneumonia
aspergillosis
Hemoptysis. hematologic? 1
coagulopathy
Hemoptysis. vascular? 2
PE
arteriovenous malformation
Hemoptysis. systemic? 2
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Goodpasture syndrome
Hemoptysis. other? 2
Trauma
Cocaine use (inhalation)
Nitrofurantoin. what injury short term?
Acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Nitrofurantoin. what injury long term?
Interstitial lung disease
Nitrofurantoin. du komponentai (gal tokie kaip simptomai sakyciau) kurie define pulmonary injury
Lung findings + eosinophilia after 3-9 days of nitrofurantoin
Nitrofurantoin. ACUTE DISEASE.
when occurs?
3-9 days after medication initiation
Nitrofurantoin. ACUTE DISEASE.
labs?
EOSINOPHILIA
leukocytosis
Nitrofurantoin. ACUTE DISEASE. examination?
wet, basilar crackles
erythematous, maculopapular rash
Nitrofurantoin. ACUTE DISEASE.
imaging?
bilateral, basilar reticular opacities
Pleural effusions can also occur, but are unilateral
Nitrofurantoin. ACUTE DISEASE. treatment?
cessation of nitrofurantoin. improvement occurs within 1-2days of cessation
Clubbing. definition.
Clubbing is bulbous enlargement and broadening of the fingertips due to connective tissue proliferation at the nail bed and distal phalanx.
Clubbing. angle?
Angle between nail fold and nail plate >180 degree (Lovibond angle).
normal angle 160
Clubbing. pathophysiology?
● Pathophysiology: megakaryocytes that skip the normal route of fragmentation within pulmonary circulation to enter systemic circulation. Megakaryocytes become entrapped in the distal fingertips due to their large size and release PDGF and VEGF. PDGF and VEGF stimulate connective tissue hypertrophy and capillary permeability
and vascularity.
Clubbing. assoc conditions. intrathoracic neoplasms?
Bronchogenic carcinoma
Metastatic cancers
Mezothelioma
Lymphoma
Clubbing. assoc conditions. intrathoracic suppurative diseases?
Lung abscess
empyema
bronchiectasis
CF
chronic cavitary infections (funal, mycobacteria)
Clubbing. assoc conditions. lung disease?
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
asbestosis
pulmonary arterio-venous malformation
Clubbing. assoc conditions. cardiovascular?
cyanotic congenital heart disease
Clubbing. the most common secondary causes? 3
lung malignancies
CF
right-to-left cardiac shunts
Clubbing. presentation joints?
It can occur by itself or associated with hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, which presents with:
i. Painful joint enlargement
ii. Periostosis of long bones
iii. Synovial effusions
