Pulmo. DLCO lent. + bronchiectasis (09-29) (1) Flashcards
pirmu kartu 100 proc.
Obstructive pattern: FEV1/FVC < 70 proc predicted.
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Restrictive pattern: FEV1/FVC > 70 proc predicted, FVC < 80 proc. predicted.
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Obstructive pattern + low DLCO? 1
Emphysema
Obstructive pattern + normal DLCO? 2
Chronic bronchitis, asthma
Obstructive pattern + increased DLCO? 1
asthma
Restrictive pattern + low DLCO? 4
ILD
Sarcoidosis
Asbestosis
HF
Restrictive pattern + normal DLCO? 2
musculoskeletal deformity
neuromuscular disease
Restrictive pattern + high DLCO? 1
morbid obesity
Normal spirometry + low DLCO? 3
anemia
PE
PH
Normal spirometry + high DLCO? 2
pulmonary hemorrhage
polycythemia
bronchiectasis. symptoms? 3
cought with daily mucopurulent sputum production
Rhinosinusitis, dyspnea, hemoptysis
Crackles, wheezing
bronchiectasis. pathophysiology?
Infectious insult with impaired clearance
bronchiectasis. etiologies? 5
Airway obstruction (eg cancer)
Rheumatic disease (RA, sjogren), toxic inhalation
Chronic or prior infection (eg aspergilosis, mycobacteria)
Immunodeficiency (eg hypogammaglobulinemia)
Congenital (eg CF, A1AT)
bronchiectasis. evaluation 4
HRCT of chest (needed for initial diagnosis)
Immunoglobulin quantification
CF testing, sputum culture (bacteria, fungi, mycobacteria)
PFT
bronchiectasis. CP?
C/P: large amounts of mucopurulent sputum (>100ml/day).
bronchiectasis. exacerbation causes?
Exacerbations are typically bacterial and required antibiotics.
bronchiectasis. relation to smoking?
No causal relationship between smoking and bronchiectasis.
bronchiectasis. in case of CF, what part of lung?
CF –> upper lobe bronchiectasis.
bronchiectasis. diagnosis. PFT?
obstructive patter
bronchiectasis. diagnosis. xray?
CXR: airway thickening (tram-track or ring sign).
bronchiectasis. diagnosis. CT?
CT: bronchial dilation, lack of airway tapering, and bronchial wall thickening.
bronchiectasis. pathogenesis scheme. initial?
Infectious insult PLUS impaired bacterial clearance