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Reproduction > Puerperium > Flashcards

Puerperium Flashcards

1
Q

What 4 key things happen during puerperium?

A

Involution
Regeneration of the endometrium
Elimination of contaminants
Resumption of cycling

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2
Q

What 4 important disorders can affect puerperium?

A

Dystocia
RFM
Uterine prolapse
Uterine disease

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3
Q

How long does it take for the uterus to a) half in diameter b) half in length?

A

5 days

15 days

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4
Q

How many days PP should the entire uterus be palpabel per rectum?

A

8-10 days

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5
Q

Complete involution occurs in how many days?

A

26-50

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6
Q

By how many days PP should it be difficult to get your hand into the cervix?

A

10-12 days

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7
Q

By how many days should you be able to fit only 2 fingers into the cervis?

A

4 days

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8
Q

What hormones control involution?

A

Prostaglandins and oxytocin. Can give to accelerate.

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9
Q

Caruncles bcome ischaemic and necrotic. Their size is considerably reduced by day..

A

25

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10
Q

What is the lochial discharge and when does it occur?

A

Sloughing of necrotic material from the uterus. Days 2-9pp

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11
Q

Should the lochial discharge have an odour?

A

No, should not smell fetid

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12
Q

The caruncular and inter-caruncular epithelium becomes covered with…

A

endometrial epithelium

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13
Q

Name 5 common contaminants of the uterus at the time of calving

A 
E coli
Truperella pyogenes
Staph
Strep
Fusobacterium necrophorum
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14
Q

What acts as an ideal growth material for the bacteria that enter the uterus?

A

lochial discharge

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15
Q

What are the 2 main ways in which bacteria are removed from the uterus?

A

Contraction of the uterus

Phagocytosis by leucocytes

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16
Q

When does the first FSH increase occur pp?

A

7-10 days

1st pp follicular wave

17
Q

why might the luteal phase be shorter in the first cycle?

A

poor preovulatory development of the follicle –> inadequate luteinisation

18
Q

what are the 3 things about dystocia that make RFM & uterine disease more likely?

A

physical deformity of the vulva and cervix
physical damage to tissues
Uterine inertia

19
Q

When does uterine prolapse usually occur?

A

First 24h after calving

20
Q

What electrolyte should you always give cows that have had a uterine prolapse?

A

Calcium

21
Q

Should you always give epidural, antibiotics and NSAIDs to uterine prolapses?

A

yep

Can also give oxytocin

22
Q

3 reasons for RFM?

A

inadequate maturation of the placenta (e.g. premature)
failure of detachment of the foetal and maternal villi
Inadequate uterine contractions (hypocalcaemia, dystocia)

23
Q

How long do myometrial contractions last for after calving?

A

36h

24
Q

How long after a cow is calved should you do a veterinary examination?

A

5 days

25
Q

Can infuse collagenase into the stumps of the umbilical arteries of RFM

A

:)

26
Q

Why is return of cycling important for the local immune system?

A

neutrophilia
increase blood supply
phagocytosis
cervical/vaginal mucous

27
Q

What cells will be seen in the uterine discharge in endometritis?

A

neutrophils

28
Q

What would you feel on rectal in a case of endometritis?

A

poorly involuted uterus

29
Q

How should you treat endometritis

A

stimulate estrus - PGF2a in cyclic cows, GnRH or E2 in non cycling
intrauterine cephalosporin

30
Q

What would you expect the temperature to be in metritis cases?

A

40-41 degrees

31
Q

What clinical signs would you expect to see in metritis?

A

Milk yield drop
Dullness
inappetance
sore, swollen vagina and vulva (often followed dystocia)

32
Q

What signs would you see in a metritic cow with toxaemia?

A

fast weak pulses, rapid respiration, dehydration, sluggish CRT, diarrhoea.
If pyaemia can have concurrent peritonitis and mastitis

33
Q

Why are oestrogens contraindicated in metritis?

A

Increase the absorption of endotoxin

34
Q

How should you treat a metritic cow?

A

Fluids
NSAIDs (flunixin)
IV Abs (oxytet good)
Uterine lavage & intra uterina ABs

35
Q

Is the cervix open or closed in pyometra?

A

closed

36
Q

Pyometra is often a sequel to what condition?

A

chronic endometritis

37
Q

How should you treat pyometra?

A

PGF2a and intra uterine cephalosporin

Reproduction (13 decks)

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