Public Schools

Question 1

Trustees

Answer 1

Influential people responsible for managing and promoting an organisation or asset, such as a school

Question 2

House system

Answer 2

System whereby boys lived in individual houses while away at boarding school. For example, Charterhouse had 4 boarding houses in 1611, now it has 11, the house became the centre of social and sporting life

Question 3

Public School 1

Answer 3

Boarding- time available to play games

Question 4

Public School 2

Answer 4

Expanding- as numbers increased, houses formed as hub of games

Question 5

Public School 3

Answer 5

Non-local- variety of regional games adopted and adapted by schools

Question 6

Public School 4

Answer 6

Spartan- harsh treatment and living conditions prepared boys for the rigours of sport and adult life

Question 7

Public School 5

Answer 7

Controlled by trustees- trustees were influential people keen to promote the school and invest in sports success

Question 8

Public School 6

Answer 8

Endowed- well-endowed schools received large gifts, employ more coaches and masters

Question 9

Public School 7

Answer 9

Fee-paying- fees develop facilities, they were influential pupils and less restricted than scholars

Question 10

Public School 8

Answer 10

Gentry- influential families brought status and money and influenced the schools types of activities

Question 11

Public School 9

Answer 11

Boys- great energy and enthusiasm to be channelled into games

Question 12

9 Leading Public Schools

Answer 12

Winchester
Eton
St Paul's
Shrewsbury
Westminster
Merchant Taylor's
Rugby
Harrow
Charterhouse

Question 13

Clarendon Report

Answer 13

The account of public school life written by the Earl of Clarendon and his team of commissioners in 1864

Question 14

Civilising Process

Answer 14

Improvements relating to more refined behaviour and social organisation and relationships

Question 15

Technical Developments

Answer 15

Developments related to rule structure, equipment, facilities, spectatorism and level of skilfulness

Question 16

Stage One dates

Answer 16

1790-1824

Question 17

3 B’s associated with stage one

Answer 17

Boy culture, bullying and brutality

Question 18

What period does stage one coincide with

Answer 18

Regency Period

Question 19

Stage One key terms

Answer 19

Melting pot
The Wall and Cloisters
Prep schools
Hare and hounds
Fives

Question 20

Stage two dates

Answer 20

1828-42

Question 21

Penny post date

Answer 21

1840

Question 22

Stage two key info

Answer 22

Ban animal cruelty
Industrial revolution
Penny post
Queen Vic
Arnold

Question 23

Dr Thomas Arnold

Answer 23

1795-1842
Rugby head 1828
Attended Winchester
Ordained Clergyman and a doctor of divinity

Question 24

Stage two changes

Answer 24

Games for social control
Chapel spiritual and symbolic centre
Sixth form and masters
House system
Playground central
Behaviour of boys
Punishments
Muscular Christianity

Question 25

Muscular Christianity

Answer 25

Christian Gentlemen, godliness and manliness, fine to play hard but for the glory of god, not for own extrinsic values

Question 26

Stage three dates

Answer 26

1842-1914- cult of athleticism

Question 27

Cult

Answer 27

Craze or obsession

Question 28

Athleticism

Answer 28

Combination of physical endeavour with moral integrity

Question 29

Ex public school boys

Answer 29

Expected to have a well rounded character, impeccable manners, enviable personal qualities, having led a team in sport, assumed he could lead a regiment in battle

Question 30

Ex public school boys influence

Answer 30

Many went to Oxbridge, sports prowess reflected in an Oxbridge Blue- when a student/graduate represented uni in a Varsity match against opposing uni Old boys with a blue were sought after as assistant masters

Question 31

Ex public school boy jobs

Answer 31

``` Teachers Industrialists Parents Community teachers/politicians Community members Army officers Vicars/priests ```

Question 32

Games ethic

Answer 32

``` Belief in the value of team games for character development Clifton, Malvern and Cheltenham- middle class copies of Clarendon schools ```

Question 33

Delay of girls athleticism

Answer 33

``` Traditional role Revealing clothing Women in society Unladylike Medical concerns Perceived physical inferiority ```

Question 34

3 Main women

Answer 34

Frances Mary Buss Dorothea Beale Madame Berman Osterberg

Question 35

Frances Mary Buss

Answer 35

Founded North London Collegiate School and Camden School for girls

Question 36

Dorothea Beale

Answer 36

Transformed Cheltenham Ladies College into an esteemed school for upper and middle class girls

Question 37

Madame Bergman Osterberg

Answer 37

Became Lady Superintendent of PE in London in 1881 and soon founded the first full-time specialised PE college for women- Dartford

Question 38

Cult of A- Swimming

Answer 38

1- informal bathing in natural facilities during summer 2- regular bathing, hygiene, safety- BAHL 3- Inc tech- huts, diving board, comps, swimming masters to teach it

Question 39

Cult of A- Athletics

Answer 39

1- informal running- paper chase, trespass 2- trespass banned, hare and hounds and steeple chase 3- steeple chase and cross country, annual sports days big thing

Question 40

Cult of A- Football

Answer 40

1- mob games 2- more formalised rules for individual schools 3- FA, RFU formed- rules

Question 41

Cult of A- Cricket

Answer 41

``` 1- straight into PS, non-violent, rules, upper class 2- massive inter-house participation 3- continued tech development- coaching ```

Question 42

Cult of A- Tennis

Answer 42

1- informal hand ball games 2- some fives courts built, informal, squash racquets 3- fives as rec, racquets more formal, lawn tennis more pop in girls schools and summer

Question 43

Fags

Answer 43

Younger boys who were expected to carry out jobs for older boys, very common in PS

Question 44

Stage 3 characteristics

Answer 44

``` Physical endeavour/moral integrity Uni melting pot Obsession Standardised rules Assistant masters Games ethic Clarendon schools Character building Sportsmanship and others ```

Question 45

Women stereotypes

Answer 45

``` Childbirth Strenuous Inferiority Music/dance Comp/lively Education threat Anxiety ```