Drill, PT and PE Flashcards by James Drury

Boer war

Military drill
1902 model course
Instructor

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First WW dates

1914-1918

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First WW

PT/PE
1933
Trainer

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Second WW dates

1939-1945

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Second WW

PE
1950s
Educator
1988 national curriculum

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Boer war

Between Brit Emp and the boers of SA, 1899-1902, Brit lost prestige due to poor performance

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Colonel Malcolm Fox

Long serving army officer appointed in 1902 as a result of Boer war to establish and ensure the adoption of the model course

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Reasons for changes in teaching

Philosophy 
Accountability
Basic health/living
Social change
Provision
Teacher training
War effects
Group size
Needs of society
NC and SSCOs

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Elementary school influential people

Johann Christoph Friedrich GutsMuths
Friedrich Ludwig Jahn
Pehr Henrik Ling
Archibald Maclaren

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Boer War dates

1899-1902

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Elementary school drill

Objectives

Fitness for army recruits
Discipline
Do for working class what public did for upper

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Elementary school drill

Content

1870- military drill
1890s- Swedish drill
1900- board of education say games are suitable alternative to gym

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Elementary school drill

Methodology

Authoritarian/command-response
NCOs in 1870s
Qualified teachers in 1890s

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1902 Model course

Objectives

Fitness for military service
Training in handling weapons
Discipline for working class

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1902 model course

Content

Military drill/marching
Static exercises
Weapon training
Deep breathing

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1902 model course

Methodology

Command response ‘attention’
Group response- no individuality
In ranks

1933 syllabus

Objectives

Physical fitness
Therapeutic benefits
Good physique
Good posture
Holistic aims

1933 syllabus

Content

Athletics, gym and games

Group work

1933 syllabus

Methodology

Direct/centralised style
Some decentralised parts
Group work
Special clothing/kit
5 20 min sessions a week rec
Many schools new gyms
Outdoor rec for health
Some specialist pe teachers

Moving growing and planning

Objectives

Phys, cog, social development
Variety of exp
Enjoyment
Personal achievement
Inc involvement for all

Moving growing and planning

Content

Agility ex- gym dance and games
Theme or sequence work
Movement to music
Apparatus work

Moving growing and planning

Methodology

Child centred- enjoyment
Progressive 
More specialised PE teachers
Teacher guidance
Problem solving
Individual interpretation 
Full apparatus

Impact of industrial action by teachers 1970s-1980s

Reduce pop and prov
Extra curricular severely restricted
Participation drop in school 
Moved to community clubs
Frustration for pupils and teachers
Negative press for teachers

The national curriculum

One of 5 subjects which all pupils aged 5-16 must pursue

At each key stage each child needs to show knowledge, skills and understanding in a variety of practical areas

National curriculum | Positive

``` High standards Clear national standards Broad balance Consistent Easy transfer Learners have right to learn Inc lifelong part Open framework Support for non pe teach Inc creativity Inc fair play Help manage risk and pupils cope with difficulty Develop pupil integrity and independence ```

National curriculum | Negatives

Large amounts of paperwork Lack of assessment exp- confusion and skewed results May reduce creativity- feel constrained Pressure on schools for facilities Unbalanced programme still possible Demanding on teachers who may lack support

Moving growing and planning experiment

Halifax- rehabilitated children with disabilities by encouraging individual interpretation of open tasks, with no preset rhythm or timing. This influenced problem solving approach

Act that ensured equality of educational opportunity

The Butler Education Act 1944

School leaving age at each stage

Initially 5-10 By 1899 raised to 12 1933 under and over 11s 1950s raised to 15

What report identified a need to differentiate between ages in 1933 syllabus

Hadow report 1926 | Dr George Newman then published the 1933 syllabus

George Newman's 1933 notes

Series of tables 'The ultimate test by which every system of physical training schools be judged is to be found in the posture and general carriage of the children' Good nourishment, medical inspection and PT for normal healthy life

Who was Dr George Newman

Chief Medical Officer in board of education, interested in health-giving/therapeutic effects of exercise. Stressed rec activities for rehabilitation of injured soldiers

Model course key points

``` Military orientated Backward step Girls and boys together Failed to cater for ages Children soldiers NCOs Dull, repetitive, cheap Large numbers in small spaces Poor diets, housing, social deprivation Lowered status of subject ```

Drill key points

``` 1866- 380-1000 rejects on phys grounds Board/state schools established- 1870 FEA- before parish Compulsory for 5-10 1899- up to 12 1900- inc provision Restricted space for play Many school/towns no playing facilities School look like church ```