public policy 5 & 6

Question 1

model 1 - rational policy model

Answer 1

government is a rational actor that acts in order to achieve goals

Question 2

model 2 - organizational process model

Answer 2

governments are loosely allied organizations that act according to pre-determined routines

Question 3

model 3 - bureaucratic model

Answer 3

government actions reflect compromise, coalition, competition and confusion among government officials

Question 4

6 actions considered in cuba

Answer 4

do nothing, diplomatic pressure, a secret approach to Castro to split or fall, an invasion, a surgical air strike or a blockade

Question 5

forward mapping

Answer 5

start with establishing goals, then implement it

Question 6

perfect administration

Answer 6

implementers know, can and want to implement policy

Question 7

politics-administration dichotomy

Answer 7

politicians decide, civil servants implement

Question 8

4 cons top-down approach

Answer 8

lack of parsimony, multi-layer problem, neglects previous steps & top downers neglect external factors

Question 9

backward mapping

Answer 9

start with target group, then establishing goals

Question 10

2 pros bottom-up approach

Answer 10

flexible & responsive to risk society

Question 11

2 cons bottom-up approach

Answer 11

less control & less transparency

Question 12

administrative implementation

Answer 12

outcome depends on resources

Question 13

political implementation

Answer 13

outcome depends on power

Question 14

experimental implementation

Answer 14

outcome depends on which actors are involved

Question 15

symbolic implementation

Answer 15

outcomes based on coalition

Question 16

monitoring

Answer 16

analytical procedure that produces information

Question 17

supervision

Answer 17

interactions between public bodies with specifically defined tasks

Question 18

enforcement

Answer 18

ensuring legally binding regulations are followed

Question 19

repressive supervision

Answer 19

traditional principal-agent relationship

Question 20

supportive supervision

Answer 20

exchange knowledge between supervisor and supervised to create a collective learning process

Question 21

polycentric supervision

Answer 21

broader network of stakeholders involved in a specific implementation process

Question 22

policy discretion

Answer 22

street-level bureaucrat can make their own decisions / judgments when implementing a policy

Question 23

street-level bureaucrats

Answer 23

work for public organizations on the front line of society

Question 24

system-level bureaucrats

Answer 24

bureaucracy with no individual cases

Question 25

screen-level bureaucrats

Answer 25

actions taken over by ICT

Question 26

mechanical bureaucracy

Answer 26

standardization, formalization & centralization

Question 27

organic bureaucracy

Answer 27

shared responsibilities & strong mutual dependencies

Question 28

pigeon holing

Answer 28

categorization and selection based on standard schemes

Question 29

3 dilemma’s for implementation

Answer 29

position of supervisor, role of supervisor & attitude towards employees