public policy 5 & 6 Flashcards
model 1 - rational policy model
government is a rational actor that acts in order to achieve goals
model 2 - organizational process model
governments are loosely allied organizations that act according to pre-determined routines
model 3 - bureaucratic model
government actions reflect compromise, coalition, competition and confusion among government officials
6 actions considered in cuba
do nothing, diplomatic pressure, a secret approach to Castro to split or fall, an invasion, a surgical air strike or a blockade
forward mapping
start with establishing goals, then implement it
perfect administration
implementers know, can and want to implement policy
politics-administration dichotomy
politicians decide, civil servants implement
4 cons top-down approach
lack of parsimony, multi-layer problem, neglects previous steps & top downers neglect external factors
backward mapping
start with target group, then establishing goals
2 pros bottom-up approach
flexible & responsive to risk society
2 cons bottom-up approach
less control & less transparency
administrative implementation
outcome depends on resources
political implementation
outcome depends on power
experimental implementation
outcome depends on which actors are involved
symbolic implementation
outcomes based on coalition
monitoring
analytical procedure that produces information
supervision
interactions between public bodies with specifically defined tasks
enforcement
ensuring legally binding regulations are followed
repressive supervision
traditional principal-agent relationship
supportive supervision
exchange knowledge between supervisor and supervised to create a collective learning process
polycentric supervision
broader network of stakeholders involved in a specific implementation process
policy discretion
street-level bureaucrat can make their own decisions / judgments when implementing a policy
street-level bureaucrats
work for public organizations on the front line of society
system-level bureaucrats
bureaucracy with no individual cases
screen-level bureaucrats
actions taken over by ICT
mechanical bureaucracy
standardization, formalization & centralization
organic bureaucracy
shared responsibilities & strong mutual dependencies
pigeon holing
categorization and selection based on standard schemes
3 dilemma’s for implementation
position of supervisor, role of supervisor & attitude towards employees
