public policy 3 & 4 Flashcards

1
Q

3 consequences of social construction of target groups

A

instrumental benefits or burdens, positive or negative imaging, imaging lead to disproportionate policy measures

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2
Q

the advantaged

A

positive light on a group that excels or has significant power

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3
Q

the challengers

A

group has a lot of power, but challenges existing practices so has a negative image

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4
Q

the dependents

A

group who are in a difficult position which causes them to be dependent

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5
Q

the deviants

A

group that diverges from existing norms so have a negative image

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6
Q

societal / public agenda

A

subjects members of a community think are negotiable

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7
Q

institutional / political agenda

A

subjects from the public agenda that need political attention

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8
Q

decision-making agenda

A

subjects that need to be converted into laws

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9
Q

policy agenda

A

the final agenda

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10
Q

agenda universe

A

all subjects relevant for political discussion

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11
Q

policy problem

A

the difference of what is and what should be (benchmark)

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12
Q

tamed problems

A

we know how they are built up

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13
Q

untamable scientific problems

A

a discussion on the quality of knowledge

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14
Q

untamable ethical problems

A

shared knowledge, but differ in values

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15
Q

untamed political problems / wicked problems

A

differ in values and lack of knowledge

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16
Q

barrier model

A

problems need to overcome certain barriers; first on the public, then on the political agenda

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17
Q

5 characteristics barrier model

A

the more ambiguous, the bigger the public meaning, the more long-term, not too technical & the more unique

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18
Q

problem stream rational perspective

A

pre-problem stage, alarmed discovery, realization of costs, decline of interests & post-problem stage

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19
Q

advocacy coalition

A

different actors form a coalition to promote shared interests

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20
Q

policy entrepreneurs

A

actors trying to promote / prevent policy windows

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21
Q

mobilization of bias

A

exploitation of conflicts in the interests of others

22
Q

micro bias

A

small group gain attention through the use of media

23
Q

policy frames

A

underlying structures of belief, perception and appreciation to attribute social meaning to a problem

24
Q

punctuated-equilibrium theory

A

policy processes are incremental, until a policy window opens, then they become non-incremental

25
Q

politics of attention

A

actors are more occupied with their own views rather than responding to others

26
Q

negative feedback

A

preventing an issue from gaining attention by; ignoring a challenge, policy monopoly, attention shifting or contradictory argumentation

27
Q

positive feedback

A

trying to get attention to a problem by; venue shopping, mimicking, focusing events or image manipulation

28
Q

kingdom model

A

3 streams to open a policy window

29
Q

problem stream

A

a problem that needs attention

30
Q

policy stream

A

a variety of ideas in the policy primeval soup

31
Q

political stream

A

the political realm (national mood, organized political forces & elections)

32
Q

causal stories

A

instruments used by political actors to promote their interests

33
Q

mechanical cause

A

carries out action, but has no responsibility (unguided & intended)

34
Q

accidental cause

A

no one is responsible (unguided & unintended)

35
Q

intentional cause

A

direct blame (intended & purposeful)

36
Q

inadvertent cause

A

harmful side-effects of well-intended policies (purposeful & unintended)

37
Q

complex system cause

A

systems that are necessary complex

38
Q

institutional cause

A

problems caused by a web of large and long-standing organizations

39
Q

historic cause

A

social patterns tend to repeat themselves

40
Q

technocracy

A

scientists take over policy making

41
Q

3 assumptions rational policy formulation

A

nature policy problem, type of intervention needed & formulating a set of goals / values

42
Q

bounded rationality

A

imperfect information & limited capacity

43
Q

network analysis

A

mapping out the actors, their positions, interests, resources & strategies

44
Q

3 relevant power resources depend on

A

critical resource, access and control & dependency alternative resources

45
Q

6 types of resources

A

material, financial, human, formal, social / capital & information / ICT / knowledge

46
Q

7 game / strategic interactions

A

avoidance, coercion, competition, coalition formation, competition regulation, consensus & complexity reduction

47
Q

5 networks of interdependencies

A

pooled, sequential, reciprocal, sequential parallel & networked

48
Q

5 key elements of framing

A

appear to core values, personification, visualization, symbols & metaphors

49
Q

logic of consequences

A

what effect will the policy have

50
Q

logic of appropriateness

A

how much political and public support does the policy have