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U.S. Government > Public Opinion : 9/14/15 > Flashcards

Public Opinion : 9/14/15 Flashcards

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1
Q

________ information is one person’s opinion.

A

Subjective

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2
Q

_______ information reviews many points of view and is intended to be unbiased.

A

Objective

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3
Q

The aggregation of views by a segment of society on issues of interest or concern is called _____ ____.
These views may focus on f_____ p____, d______, or l____ p____ issues.

A

Public opinion, foreign policy, domestic, local policy

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4
Q

Public opinion helps leaders shape _____ ____.

A

Public policy

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5
Q

______ _____ are the choices the government makes and the actions it takes in response to a particular issue or problem.

A

Public policy

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6
Q

_____ _____ also indicates how well the government is responding to the will of the people.

A

Public opinion

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7
Q

P_____ o_____ can be viewed in two ways: The first is to consider the “____” as a s____, centralized body. The second view is that the public is many s_____, individual “_____” each with its opinion on one or a few issues.

A

Public opinion, public, single, separate, publics

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8
Q

Responsible c_____ try to shape p_____ o______. They may express their opinions by: Writing w__ l__, l___ to the mayor, t______ at a public hearing, take part in m_____ or demonstrations.

A

Citizens, public opinion, web logs, letters, testifying, marches

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9
Q

Many citizens also join and support g_____ or o________ that represent their views.

A

Groups, organizations

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10
Q

Responsible c______ express their opinions on v_____.

A

Citizens, voting

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11
Q

The o_____ of any e_____ (local, states, or federal) reflects overall p______ o_____ about the c______ or i____ being voted on.

A

Outcome, elections, public opinion, candidate, issue

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12
Q

People may vote for a candidate because he or she agrees with their general views, is the ________, shares their view on a single issue.

A

Incumbent

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13
Q

People’s opinions are influenced by several factors, including their f____, f____, s____, social characteristics, mass media, w___, a__, gender, race, and religion.

A

Family, friends, school, work, age

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14
Q

The process by which people acquire political beliefs is called _______ __________. In most cases, the political party of the parents becomes the party of their children.

A

Political socialization

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15
Q

More than ___-_____ of all voters continue to favor the political party their parents supported.

A

Two-thirds

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16
Q

______ is where we formally learn about government, citizenship, and other values.

A

School

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17
Q

Experiences in the l___ t___ and e___ t_____ also help shape personal o______. At that stage, people are more independent of f_____ influences.

A

Late teens, early twenties, opinions, family

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18
Q

In some cases, a person’s r______ b____ might influence his or her opinions about m______, a_____, p____ in school, and other public policy issues.

A

Religious beliefs, marriage, abortion, prayer

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19
Q

M___, especially _______, provide political information and images that can directly influence political attitudes.

A

Media, television

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20
Q

The way the media depicts different groups in society can either discredit or create __________.

A

Stereotypes

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21
Q

The ________ especially has a tremendous influence on people’s opinion.

A

President

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22
Q

________ who come across s_____, p________, and i________ are particularly effective in influencing opinions on major issues.

A

Lawmakers, sincere, personable, intelligent

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23
Q

Most individuals are unaware that ______ ________ occurs in their lives because it is a slow process that happens over a lifetime.

A

Political socialization

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24
Q

People do not realize that this socialization has a direct effect upon their feelings of ________ ______.

A

Political efficacy

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25
Q

________ ______ refers to an individual’s feelings of effectiveness in politics.

A

Political efficacy

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26
Q

Without c_____ p________, d__________ would be unable to realize the concept of government.

A

Citizen participation, democracies

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27
Q

Every nation in the world has a _______ _____, a set of basic values and beliefs about a nation and its government that most citizens share.

A

Political culture

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28
Q

Support for the C________ and B___ of R_____, commitment to the idea of the political e_____, belief in the v____ of p______ p_____, and an emphasis on individual a___________.

A

Constitution, Bill of Rights, equality, virtue of private property, achievement

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29
Q

American p_______ c______ helps shape p____ o______ in the United States in two ways: 1. A c_____ for o_____. 2. S______ i______.

A

Political culture, public opinion, context for opinions, screening information

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30
Q

P______ o______ on any issue or problem almost always fits within the limits the p______ c_____ sets.

A

Public opinion, political culture

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31
Q

A nation’s p______ c______ also influences how its citizens interpret what they see and hear every day.

A

Political culture

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32
Q

An ________ is a set of basic beliefs about life, culture, government, and society.

A

Ideology

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33
Q

____ show that many people express inconsistent opinions on issues.

A

Polls

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34
Q

American political values tend to fall into two broad but distinct patterns of opinions toward government and public policies. : ________ and __________.

A

Liberal, conservative

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35
Q

A ______ believes the government should actively promote h_____, e______, and j_____.

A

Liberal, health, education, justice

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36
Q

_______ are willing to curtail economic f_______ to increase e______.

A

Liberals, freedom, equality

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37
Q

______ believe the government should not restrict most i________ f______.

A

Liberals, individual freedoms

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38
Q

A ___________ believes in limiting the role of g________, except in supporting traditional moral values.

A

Conservative, government

39
Q

__________ believe in p______ i________, not the government, should solve social problems. They oppose government l________ on businesses and believe f___ m______ ensure the best economic outcomes.

A

Conservative, private individuals, limitations, free market

40
Q

_________ fall between liberals and conservatives.

A

Moderates

41
Q

A _________ may want the government to regulate business and support traditional values.

A

Moderate

42
Q

__________ support both economic and social freedoms–free markets and unrestricted speech.

A

Libertarians

43
Q

An _________ ______ is a group of people who share common goals and organize to influence government.

A

Interest group

44
Q

In ___ _________, No. __ J_____ M______ referred to “______” as groups of people united to promote special interests.

A

The Federalist, 10, James Madison, factions

45
Q

________ ______ nominate candidates for office and try to win elections gain control of the government.

A

Political parties

46
Q

________ _____ may support candidates who favor their ideas, but they do not nominate candidates for office.

A

Interest groups

47
Q

_______ _____ try to influence government officials to support certain policies.

A

Interest groups

48
Q

Another difference between IG’s and PP’s is that i_______ g_____ usually are concerned with only a few issues or specific problems*.

A

Interest groups

49
Q

You may be part of a _____ _____ ___– a survey of people scientifically selected to provide opinions about something.

A

Public opinion poll

50
Q

_______ ______ is a way to determine public attitudes or preferences about consumer products, social issues, and political candidates.

A

Scientific polling

51
Q

The first key to a poll’s accuracy is the _____, or group of people who take part in the poll. Second, for poll results to be accurate, the ______ must be chosen at random from the ______ ______. Finally, the way questions are w_____ or the o____ in which they are asked can affect a poll’s accuracy.

A

Sample, sample, sample universe, worded, order

52
Q

A reliable poll states its ______ of ____, or uncertainty level.

A

Margin of error

53
Q

The ______ of ___, or __________ _____, indicates a poll’s accuracy, and is given as a __________ above and below the poll’s results.

A

Margin of error, sampling error, percentage

54
Q

In polling, ___ refers to errors introduced by polling methods that lead to one outcome over others.

A

Bias

55
Q

_________ is freedom from bias and outside factors, such as t____, that may influence results.

A

Objectivity, timing

56
Q

Another common type of scientific poll is the ___ ___–surveys a randomly selected fraction of voters after they have voted and tells pollsters how people voted before the official vote count.

A

Exit poll

57
Q

Most interest groups are organized on the basis of c______ v_____, rather than on geographic location.

A

Common values

58
Q

N_______ i_______ g______ unite people with common attitudes from every region of the country.

A

National interest groups

59
Q

Interest groups help bridge the gap between the c_____ and the g_________.

A

Citizen, government

60
Q

Citizens communicate their “____” or p____ g____ to government leaders.

A

Wants, policy goals

61
Q

On the state and national levels, an interest group draws from the f_______ r_______ and e______ of its many members.

A

Federal resources, expertise

62
Q

Interest group leaders strengthen the p______ p____ of the group by u______ its members. They keep members informed of activities through n_______, m______, and t______ c____.

A

Political power, unifying, newsletters, mailing, telephone calls

63
Q

Reasons people belong to interest groups. : 1. Help promote an individual’s e______ s__-_____. 2. Centers on an individual’s b_____, v_____, or a______.

A

Economic self-interest, beliefs, values, attitude

64
Q

Studies have shown that people on l____ s__________ l____ are less likely to join such groups.

A

Lower socioeconomic levels

65
Q

M________ tends to come from u____ i_____ levels.

A

Membership, upper income

66
Q

B_______ i______ g______ are among the oldest and largest in the United States.

A

Business interest groups

67
Q

N_______ A_______ of M__________ works to lower individual and corporate taxes and limit government regulation of business.

A

National Association of Manufacturers

68
Q

The U_____ S____ C______ of C______ tends to speak for smaller businesses.

A

United States Chamber of Commerce

69
Q

The largest and most powerful labor organization today is the ___-___.

A

AFL-CIO

70
Q

The ______ __ _____ _______ (?) directs the AFL-CIO’s political activities.

A

Committee on Political Education (COPE)

71
Q

The largest agricultural interest group is the A_____ F___ B_____ F_______.

A

American Farm Bureau Federation

72
Q

The oldest farm group is the P____ of H______, known as the _____.

A

Patrons of Husbandry, Grange

73
Q

The A_______ B__ A________ and the A______ M_____ A________ are two examples of interest groups that include members of specific professions.

A

American Bar Association, American Medical Association

74
Q

E___________ i______ g_____ goals range from conserving resources to protecting wildlife to helping farmers and ranchers manage their land.

A

Environmental interest groups

75
Q

F____ i_____ g_____ may seek military aid, economic aid, or favorable trade agreements.

A

Foreign interest groups

76
Q

All ______ _____ must register with the United States government.

A

Foreign agents

77
Q

The process of direct contact is called ______. Representatives of interest groups who do this kind of work are called _______.

A

Lobbying, lobbyists

78
Q

The L______ D______ A__ of _____ was intended to close loopholes that had enabled most lobbyists to avoid registering with Congress.

A

Lobbying Disclosure Act, 1995

79
Q

Currently registered lobbyists must file s________ r_____ with the C___ of the H____ and S_____ of the S_____. The reports must disclose the issues or legislation being addressed, the government branches and agencies contacted, and estimate of the amount of money paid by the client.

A

Semiannual reports, Clerk of the House, Secretary of the Senate

80
Q

Many lobbyists are f_____ g_________ o_____. Many other lobbyists are l_____ or p_____ r______ e_____.

A

Former government officials, lawyers, public relations expert

81
Q

Lobbyists provide l______ with p_______, r_____, s______, and other kinds of information.

A

Legislators, pamphlets, reports, statistics

82
Q

S______ and their staff cannot accept any gift or more of $___ from a l_____.

A

Senators, $50, lobbyist

83
Q

The S____ and H____ also have $___ limits on gifts from any s_____ s_____.

A

Senate, house, $100, single source

84
Q

L_______ and i_____ g_____ may actually help w___ b___.

A

Lobbyists, interest groups, write bills

85
Q

Studies have shown that interest groups and their lobbyists d___ parts of or entire b____ for almost __% of all legislation.

A

Draft, bills, 50%

86
Q

E______________ have run t_______ and m______ ___ to dramatize p_______ and the hazards it poses.

A

Environmentalists, television, magazine ads, pollution

87
Q

________ _______ allow Americans to be represented according to their e______, s____, or o_______ interests.

A

Interest groups, economic, social, occupational

88
Q

The greatest concern about the power of interest groups has been their _________ ___________ to political campaigns.

A

Financial contributions

89
Q

________ ____ ______ (?) are organizations specifically designed to collect money and provide financial support for political candidates.

A

Political action committees, PACs

90
Q

Under the F_______ E______ C_______ A___ of ____ and Revenue Act of 1971 a PAC must register with the government ___ months before an election.

A

Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, six

91
Q

It must raise money from at least __ contributors and give to at least ___ candidates in a federal election.

A

50, five

92
Q

PACs can give _______ directly to each candidate per election.

A

$5,000

93
Q

The _______ _______ _______ (?) issues regulations and advisory opinions that control PAC activities. The ___ ruled that corporations can use their own money to administer their PACs and may also use payroll deductions to raise money from employees of a PAC. After this ruling the number of corporate PACs increase by more that _____.

A

Federal Election Commission (FEC), FEC, 1000%

U.S. Government (6 decks)

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