Citizenship & Equal Justice : 11/9/15 Flashcards
An ____ is a person who lives in a country where he or she is not a citizen.
Alien
An ________ is a person who comes to a new country intending to live there permanently.
Immigrant
United States law classifies aliens into five different categories. : 1. R______ a____ is a person from a foreign nation who has established permanent residence in the US. 2. A n__-_____ a____ is a person from a foreign country who expects to stay in the US for a short, specified period of time. 3. An e_____ a____ is a citizen of a nation with which the US is at war. 4. R_________ are people fleeing to escape persecution or danger. 5. An i______ a____ is a person who comes to the US without a legal permit.
Resident aliens, non-resident aliens, enemy alien, refugees, illegal alien
The protections that the ____ of ______ guarantees applies to aliens as well as citizens.
Bill of Rights
In ____, the Supreme Court ruled that the state of ____ could not deny free public education to children of illegal aliens.
1982, Texas
Aliens cannot ____ and are exempt from m_____ and j___ d___.
Vote, military, jury duty
Aliens are not guaranteed the right to _____ ______ in the United States.
Travel freely
ALL aliens are required to notify the __ C________ and I_________ S_____ when they change their r_______.
US Citizenship and Immigration Service, residence
The Constitution clearly assigns Congress the power to control i___________ p____.
Immigration policy
In ____ Congress passed the first major federal immigration law that barred entrance to people such as the m_____ h_________, c_______, and p______.
1882, mentally handicapped, convicts, paupers
Congress also passed the C_____ E______ A__ which restricted the admission of Chinese laborers. The law marked the first time a federal law had restricted either immigration or citizenship on the basis of n_______ and e_______.
Chinese Exclusion Act, nationality, ethnicity
The I_________ A__ of ____, known as the ______ ___, lowered the number of immigrants allowed into the country to less than _________ per year. It is also favored immigrants from northern and western E____.
Immigration Act of 1924, Johnson Act, 165,000, Europe
The n_____ o_____ s_____ gave countries such as England and Ireland high quotas.
National origins system
In ____, the law set up two categories of immigrants. : 1. Those who could come from countries of the E______ H_________. 2. Those who could come from the W_______ H_________.
1965, Eastern Hemisphere, Western Hemisphere
Higher preferences would be given to persons whose skills would be “e________ a___________ to the U______ S______.”
Especially advantageous to the United States
Congress passed the I___________ R_____ and C______ A__of _____. The law provided a way for illegal immigrants to become permanent residents and citizens, as well as punishment for employers who hire illegal immigrants.
Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986
Aliens who can show that they entered the US before ______ __, ____, and have resided continuously in the country since then may apply for _______.– a general pardon the government offers to illegal aliens.
January 1st, 1982, amnesty
By 1990, ___% of immigrants to the United States were coming from A___ and L____ A_______.
85%, Asia, Latin America
The I__________ A___ of ____ established a limit on immigrants from any single country to no more than __% of the annual visas.
Immigrant Act of 1990, 7%
The I__________ A__of _____ encouraged immigration of workers with “e__________ a______.”
Immigration Act of 1990, extraordinary abilities
Special immigrants fall into three groups. : R______ displaced by w__, close r_______ to the US citizens, or those admitted through p_____ l____ passed by Congress.
Refugees of war, relatives, private laws
______ ___ is one that applies to a particular person.
Private law
Every citizen of the United States goes through ____________.– the legal process by which a person is granted the rights and privileges of a citizen.
Naturalization
____ ____ v. ______ in _____ challenged the basis of a state citizenship. The Supreme Court ruled that ____ could not bring legal suit in federal court because he was not a citizen.
Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857, Scott
F______ D______ hoped that the Court’s decision would begin a “chain of events” that would produce a “complete overthrow of the whole slave system.”
Fredrick Douglass
The ___ A__________ of the Constitution overruled the Dred Scott decision.
14th Amendment
There are three basic sources of US citizenship. : 1. B___ on A_____ s___. 2. N_________. 3. Being b___ to a p_____ who is a US citizen.
Birth on American soil, naturalization, born, parent
___ ____ is a Latin phrase that means “l__ of the s___”.
Jus soli, law of the soil
___ ____ grants citizenship to nearly all people born in the United States or in American territories.
Jus soli
___ _______ means the “l__ of the b____.”
Jus sanguinis, law of the blood
If an individual is born in a foreign country and both parents are US citizens, the child is a _____, provided by one requirement is met.
Citizen
If only one of the parents is an American citizen, that parent must have lived in the US or American possession for at least __ years, __ of which had to occur after the age of __.
5, 2, 14
All immigrants who wish to become American citizens must go through n_________.
Naturalization
The major exception is that a naturalized citizen is not eligible to serve as ________ or ____ _______ of the United States.
President, vice president
The ___ C_______ and I_________ S______, a bureau of the D___________ of H______ S______, administers most of the key steps to the naturalization process.
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service, Dept. of Homeland Security
Immigrants who want to become citizens must meet five requirements. : 1. Applicants must have e_____ the US l______. 2. They must be of g____ m_____ c_____. 3. They must declare their support of the principles of American government. 4. They must prove they can r___, w___, and s____ E_____(Applicants older than __ and have lived in the US for __ years are exempt from this requirement.) 5. They must show some basic knowledge of American history and government.
Entered legally, good moral character, read, write, speak English, 50, 20
D___ e______, m_____ d______, p_________, a________, C______, or followers of any other totalitarian system will be denied membership.
Draft evaders, military deserters, polygamists. anarchists, Communists
An applicant requesting citizenship must be at least ___ years old and have lived in the US as a lawfully admitted r_____ a____ for __ months of the previous __ years. Have lived in the state where the petition is filed for at least __ months. If m_____ to a US citizen, he or she only needs __ years of residency before filing.
18, resident alien, 30, 5, 3, married, 3
________ ____________ is a process by which members of a whole group of people, living in the same geographic area, become American citizens through an act of Congress.
Collective naturalization
Congress has used collective naturalization ___ times. : 1. 1803 people living in the territory gained through the Louisiana Purchase. 2. F_____ was purchased in ____. 3. Republic of Texas was admitted to the Union in 1845. 4. H_____ in ____. 5. Residents of Puerto Rico in 1917. (KNOW TWO OF THESE, NO DATE)
Five, Florida 1819, Hawaii 1900
____ Congress decided that the citizenship guarantees of the ___ amendment would not apply to N_____ A_________.
1868, 14th, Native Americans
Only the f______ g________ can both grant citizenship and take it away.
Federal government
Americans can lose their citizenship in any three ways. : 1. Through e_________. 2. By being c______ of certain c____. 3. Through d____________.
Expatriation, convicted of crimes, denaturalization
The simplest way to lose citizenship is through ________, or giving up one’s citizenship by leaving one’s native country to live in a foreign country. May be voluntary or involuntary.
Expatriation
A person may lose citizenship when convicted of certain f_______ c_____ that involve extreme d______.
Federal crimes, disloyalty
Crimes include t______, participation in a r_____, and attempts to o_______ the g________ through v_____ means.
Treason, rebellion, overthrow the government, violent
The loss of citizenship through fraud or deception during the naturalization process is called ________________. Could also occur if an individual joins a C________ or t________ organization less than __ years after becoming a citizen.
Denaturalization, Communist, totalitarian, 5
R______ for the l___ is crucial in modern society, but this respect depends on k_______ of the l___.
Respect, law, knowledge, law
The American ideal of c_______ has always stressed each citizen’s responsibility to participate in p_______ l___.
Citizenship, political life
The most common way a citizen participates in political life is by ______.
Voting
______ is also an important way to express faith in one’s political system.
Voting
