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U.S Government > Public Opinion > Flashcards

Public Opinion Flashcards

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1
Q

________ information is one person’s opinion.

A

Subjective

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2
Q

_________ information reviews many points of view and is intended to be unbiased.

A

Objective

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3
Q

The aggregation of views shared by a segment of society on issues of interest or concern is called ____ ______.

A

public opinion

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4
Q

These views may focus on f_____ policy, d______, or l______ policy issues.

A

foreign policy, domestic, or local policy

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5
Q

Public opinion helps leaders shape ____ ____.

A

Public policy

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6
Q

______ ______ are the choices the government makes and the actions it takes in response to a particular issue or problem.

A

public policy

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7
Q

______ ______ also indicates how well the government is responding to the will of the people.

A

public opinions

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8
Q

Public Opinion can be viewed in two ways:
The first is to consider the “______” as a single, centralized body.
The second view is that the public is many separate, individual “_____“each with its opinion on one or a few issues.

A
  1. public

2. publics

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9
Q

Responsible citizens try to _____ public opinion/

A

Shape

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10
Q

They can express their opinion by:

  1. W______ W___ L____
  2. L_____ t___ t____ m___
  3. T_____ a____ a p____ h_____
  4. T_____ p___ in m_____ or d________
A
  1. Writing web logs
  2. letters to the major
  3. testifying at a public hearing
  4. take part in marches or demonstrations
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11
Q

Many citizens also _____ and _____ groups or organizations that represent their views such as mothers against drunk driving and friends of the earth.

A

join and support

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12
Q

Responsible citizens express their opinions on v____.

A

voting

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13
Q

The outcome of any election (local, state, federal) reflects overall ____ ______ about the candidate or issue being voted on.

A

public issue

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14
Q

People may vote for a ___1_ because he or she agrees with their general views, is the ___2__, shares their view on a single issue.

A
  1. candidate

2. incumbent

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15
Q

People’s opinions are influenced by several factors, including their family, friends, school, social characteristics, M_____ M_____, w_____, a_____, g______, r_______ and r_______

A
  1. Mass Media
  2. Work
  3. Age
  4. gender
  5. race
  6. religion
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16
Q

The process by which people acquire political beliefs is called ______ ______.

A

Political Socialization

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17
Q

In most cases, the political party of the parents becomes the party of their ______.

A

Children

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18
Q

More than _____-____ of all voters continue to favor the political party their parents supported.

A

Two-thirds

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19
Q

_______ is where we formally learn about government, citizenship and other values.

A

School

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20
Q

Experiences in the late ____ and early twenties also help shape personal opinions.

A

teens

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21
Q

In some cases, a person’s _____ beliefs might influence his or her opinions about marriage, abortion, prayer in school, and other public policy issues.

A

religious

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22
Q

____, especially television, provide political information and images that can directly influence political attitudes.

A

Media

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23
Q

The _______ especially has a tremendous influence on people’s opinion.

A

President

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24
Q

________ who come across sincere, personable, and intelligent are particularly effective in influencing opinions on major issues.

A

Lawmakers

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25
Q

Most individuals are unaware that ____ ______ occurs in their lives because it is a slow process that happens over a lifetime.

A

Political socialization

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26
Q

People do not realize that this socialization has a direct effect upon their feelings of ____ _____.

A

political efficacy

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27
Q

______ _______ refers to an individual’s feeling of effectiveness in politics.

A

Political efficacy

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28
Q

Without _____ participation, democracies would be unable to realize the concept of government.

A

citizen

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29
Q

Every nation in the world has a ______ ______, a set of basic values and beliefs about a nation and its government that most citizens share.

A

Political culture

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30
Q

Support for the constitution and Bill of Rights, commitment to the idea of ______ ______, belief in the virtue of private property, and emphasis on individual achievement.

A

political equality

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31
Q

American Political culture helps shape public opinion in the U.S in two ways

  1. A C_______ for opinion.
  2. S________ information.
A
  1. A context for opinion

2. Screening information

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32
Q

Public opinion on any issue or problem always fits within the ____ of the political culture sets.

A

limits

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33
Q

A nation’s _______ ______ also influences how its citizens interpret what they see and hear everyday.

A

Political culture

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34
Q

People’s opinions are influenced by several factors, including their family, f_____, s______,
social c_________, mass media, work , age, gender, race, and religion.

A
  1. family
  2. school
  3. characteristics
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35
Q

The process by which people acquire political beliefs is called ______ ________.

A

political socialization

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36
Q

In most cases, the political party of the parents become the political party of their _______.

A

Children

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37
Q

More than ___-___ of all voters continue to favor the political party their parents supported.

A

two-thirds

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38
Q

______ is where we formally learn about government, citizenship, and other values.

A

school

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39
Q

Experiences in the late____ and early_____ also help shape personal opinions.

A
  1. teens

2. twenties

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40
Q

At that stage, _____ are more independent of family influences.

A

people

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41
Q

In some cases, a person’s _____ ____ might influence his or her opinions about marriage, abortion, prayer in school, and other public policy issues.

A

religious beliefs

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42
Q

_____, especially television, provide political information and images that can directly influence political attitudes.

A

media

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43
Q

The way the media depicts different groups in society can either ____ or create _____

A

discredit or create stereotypes.

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44
Q

The ______ especially has a tremendous influence on people’s opinion.

A

president

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45
Q

_______ who come across sincere, personable, and intelligent are particularly effective in influencing opinions on major issues.

A

Lawmakers

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46
Q

_______ ______ refers to an individual’s feelings of effectiveness in politics.

A

Political efficacy

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47
Q

Without _______ _______, democracies would be unable to realize the concept of government.

A

citizen participation

48
Q

Every nation in the world has a _____ _____, a set of basic values and beliefs about a nation and its government that most citizens share.

A

political culture

49
Q

American political culture helps shape public opinion in the United States in two ways:

A
  1. A context for opinion

2. Screening information

50
Q

Public opinion or any issue or problem almost always fits within the limits the _____ _____ sets.

A

political culture

51
Q

A nation’s ______ _____ also influences how its citizens interpret what they see and hear every day.

A

Political culture

52
Q

An _______ is a set of basic beliefs about life, culture, government, and society.

A

Ideology

53
Q

____ show that many people express inconsistent opinions on issues.

A

polls

54
Q

American political values tend to fall into two broad but distinct patterns of opinions toward government and public policies:

A
  1. Liberal (democrat)

2. Conservative (republican)

55
Q

A _____ are willing to curtail economic freedom to increase equality.

A

Liberal

56
Q

Liberals believe the government should not ____ most individual freedoms.

A

restrict

57
Q

A ______ believes in limiting the role of government, except in supporting traditional moral values.

A

Conservative

58
Q

Conservatives believe _____ _____, not the government, should solve social problems.

A

private individuals

59
Q

They _____ government limitations on businesses and believe free markets ensure the best economic outcomes.

A

oppose

60
Q

_______ fall between liberals and conservatives.

A

Moderates

61
Q

A ________ may want the government to regulate business and support traditional values.

A

Moderate

62
Q

_________ support both economic and social freedoms-free markets and unrestricted speech.

A

Liberatians

63
Q

An _____ ______ of people who share common goals and organize to influence government .

A

Interest group

64
Q

In _____ _____, No, 10 James Madison referred to “______” as groups of people united.

A

The Federalist

“factions”

65
Q

_______ ______ nominate candidates for office and try to win elections to gain control of the government.

A

Political Parties

66
Q

_________ _____ may support candidates who favor their ideas, but they do not nominate candidates for office.

A

Interest groups

67
Q

Interest groups try to influence government officials to support certain ______.

A

Policies

68
Q

Another difference between IG’S and PP’s is that _______ _____ are concerned with only a few issues or specific problems.

A

Interest groups

69
Q

You may be part of a ____ _____ ____ - a survey of people scientifically selected to provide opinions about something.

A

Public Opinion Poll

70
Q

_______ _____ is a way to determine public attitudes or preferences about consumer products, social issues, and political candidates.

A

Scientific polling

71
Q

The first key to a poll’s accuracy is the _____, or group of people who take part in the poll.

A

Sample

72
Q

Second, for poll results to be accurate, the sample must be chosen at _____ from the sample universe.

A

random

73
Q

Finally the way _____ are worded or the order in which they are asked can affect a poll’s accuracy.

A

questions

74
Q

A reliable poll states its margin of error, or ______ ____.

A

Uncertainty level

75
Q

The ______ __ ____ or sampling error, indicates a poll’s accuracy, and is given as a percentage above and below the poll’s result.

A

Margin of error

76
Q

Properly conducted polls produce ______, _____, _______, and ____-____ results

A

reliable, accurate, objective, and bias-free

77
Q

In polling, ______ refers to errors introduced by polling methods that leads to one outcome over others.

A

bias

78
Q

_______ is freedom from bias and outside factors, such as timing, that may influence results.

A

Objectivity

79
Q

Another common type of scientific poll is the ___ ____.

A

exit poll

80
Q

A _____ _____ surveys a randomly selected fraction of voters after they have voted and tells pollsters how people voted before the official vote count.

A

exit poll

81
Q

Most interest groups are organized on the basis of ______ _____ rather than geographic location.

A

Common values

82
Q

_______ ________ _______ unite people with common attitudes from every region of the country.

A

National interest groups

83
Q

Interest groups help bridge the gap between the ______ and the ______.

A

citizen and the government

84
Q

Citizens communicate their “____“or policy goals to government leaders.

A

wants

85
Q

Interest group leaders strengthen the political power of the group by _____ its members.

A

unifying

86
Q

They keep members informed of the activities through ________, ________, and _______ ______.

A

newsletters, mailing, and telephone calls

87
Q

Reasons people belong in interest groups

  1. Help ______ an individual’s economic self-interest.
  2. Centers on an individual’s ______, ______, _______.
A
  1. promote

2. beliefs, values or attitude

88
Q

Studies have shown that people on lower socioeconomic levels are ____ likely to join such groups.

A

less

89
Q

Business interest groups are among the ____ and ____ in the United States.

A

oldest and largest

90
Q

______ ______ of ______ works to lower individual and corporate taxes and limit government regulation of business.

A

National Association of Manufactures

91
Q

The U_____ S______ C_______ of C______ tends to speak for smaller businesses.

A

United States Chamber of Commerce

92
Q

The largest and most powerful labor organization today is __-____.

A

AFL-CIO

93
Q

The ______ on _______ _______ (COPE) directs the AFL-CIOs political activities.

A

Committee on Political Education

94
Q

The largest agricultural interest group is the _______ _____ ____ ____.

A

American Farm Bureau Federation

95
Q

The oldest farm groups is the _____ __ _____, known as the _____.

A

Patrons of Husbandry, known as the Grange

96
Q

The _____ ___ ____ and the ______ ____ _____ are two examples of interest groups that include members of specific professions.

A

The American Bar Association and the American Medical Association

97
Q

Professional associations also represent _____, _______, ______, _______, _______ to name a few.

A

bankers, teachers, college professors, police officers

98
Q

______ interest groups goals range from conserving resources to protecting wildlife to helping farmers and ranchers maintain their land.

A

environmental

99
Q

Groups concerned about the public interest seek policy goals that they believe will ____ society.

A

benefit

100
Q

______ - _____ ____ are not concerned with furthering the interests of a narrow groups of people.

A

Public-interest groups

101
Q

Two powerful organizations today are the ______ _____ of ____ _______ and the NGA.

A

National Conference of State Legislators

102
Q

_______ and ____ government officials may seek to influence members of Congress or the executive branch because they want a greater share of federal aid.

A

State and local

103
Q

______-_____ _____ may seek military aid, economic aid, or favorable trade agreement.

A

Foreign-interest groups

104
Q

All ____ agents must register with the United States government.

A

foreign

105
Q

Most interest groups try to influence government policy by making direct contact with ________ or other ______ _____.

A

lawmakers or other government leaders

106
Q

The process of direct contact is called ________.

A

lobbying

107
Q

Representatives of interest groups who do this are called _______.

A

lobbyists

108
Q

In 1995 Congress redefined lobbyists to mean anyone who has done the following:

  1. Anyone who was ____ or _____ by a client.
  2. Made more than ___ contact on behalf of the client.
  3. spent more than ____ % of his or her time serving the client.
A
  1. employed
  2. one
  3. 20%
109
Q

The _________ _______ ___ of 1995 was intended to close loopholes that had enabled most lobbyist to avoid registering with Congress.

A

Lobbying Disclosure Act

110
Q

Before the new legislation only about _____ of more than __.__k lobbyist we registered.

A

6000 of more than 13.6k

111
Q

Currently registered lobbyist must file ________ ______ with the Clerk of the House and Secretary of the Senate.

A

Semiannual reports

112
Q

The reports must disclose the ____ of legislation being addressed, the government _______ and _______ contacted and _____ of the amount of money paid by the client.

A

disclose the issues of legislation being addressed, the government branches and agencies contacted, and estimate of the amout of money paid by the client

113
Q

Many lobbyist are former _____ ____.

A

government officials

114
Q

Many other lobbyists are _______ or ______ _____ experts.

A

lawyers or public relations experts

115
Q

One of a lobbyist’s most important methods of persuasion is to provides policymakers with ____ ______ that supports an interest group’s position.

A

useful information

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