Public Management 2 Flashcards
1
Q
the state
A
the country as an entity
2
Q
the government
A
deciding body that carries out rules and regulations of the state
3
Q
the state is a mess of complementing, overlapping, and conflicting
A
institutions
4
Q
section 91 of the constitution
A
grants the federal government powers
5
Q
section 92 and 93 of the constitution
A
grants the provincial governments powers
6
Q
section 95 of the constitution
A
grants provinces and federal government shared powers
7
Q
Canada’s system of government decided by the Durham Report of 1839
A
responsible government
8
Q
relationship between executive and legislative branches in canada
A
fusion of the branches - executive is drawn from legislative to form the PM and cabinet
9
Q
the executive does what
A
governs by setting priorities, making decisions, resolves crises, implement policies, introduce money bills, international acts and foreign policy
10
Q
the legislative does what
A
scrutinize the executive
represent the people
has standing committees
11
Q
why is the executive dependent on the legislature
A
legislature’s confidence must be maintained or government falls
12
Q
why is the legislature dependent on the executive
A
legislators want to be a part of the executive
13
Q
how does cabinet form
A
governor general (GG) calls winning party leader to form government (becomes right honourable)
PM advises GG to make other appointments to privy council
ministers are sworn in
14
Q
minister of state
A
a minister that does not have a specific portfolio
15
Q
on what basis do people join cabinet
A
party members, provincial representation, talent, does not have to be an MP
16
Q
collective ministerial responsibility
A
ministers must answer to parliament everything that happens in their ministry
17
Q
cabinet solidarity
A
the cabinet supports each other in public no matter the circumstance
18
Q
what does the PM do in cabinet
A
observe discussions and then makes final decision at the end
19
Q
why are there no votes in cabinet
A
everyone remains united
20
Q
primus inter pares
A
first among equals in theory only
the PM is more powerful than ministers
21
Q
what does PM do in cabinet
A
decides who is in cabinet, size of cabinet, appoint senior public officials, liaise with the GG, chief communicator
22
Q
what are the five central agencies
A
prime minister’s office (PMO)
privy council office (PCO)
department of finance
treasury board secretariat
department of justice
23
Q
what does the prime minister’s office do
A
partisan staff who support the PM with the agenda
policy development and political strategizing
link between party and government
24
Q
what does the privy council office do
A
non-partisan centre of public service
execute policy decisions
horizontal coordination of policy
25
clerk of the privy council
head of PCO and deputy minister to the PM
26
what does the department of finance do
macroeconomic advisor to the PM
economic forecasts and expected revenue
27
what does the treasury board secretariat do
microeconomic advisor to cabinet
internal government spending
personnel management
28
what does the department of justice do
ensure cabinet decisions follow the law (specifically charter of rights and freedoms)
29
the departmentalized system
till the 1960s
decentralized ministers do whatever
no cabinet oversight and only PM knows what is happening everywhere
ministers reliant on deputy ministers expertise
30
the institutionalized cabinet
established by PM Pearson
improve cabinet coordination and enhances powers of ministers
priorities and planning committee (P&P)
cabinet committees
31
pierre trudeau's rationalism
maintains institutionalized
central agencies introduced to decision making process
P&P works with PCO and finance
PM in touch with PMO
32
what is the de facto cabinet
P&P/Agenda, Results and Communications committee
33
the centralization of the PM has lead to a shift from a cabinet government to
a prime ministerial cabinet (court government)
34
service department
provide direct services to citizens
generally dispersed across the county
visible and influential
35
support department
policy and program assistance to government
located in Ottawa area
small size but lots of influence
36
crown corporation
arm's length from government
services in a businesslike manner
services with public interest
37
regulatory agencies
regulatory functions
38
special agencies
special services to public or government
quasi-independence
permanent or temporary
39
Deputy ministers
develop ministers agenda
Administer the department
Expert non partisan advice
40
Associate deputy minister
below the deputy minister
Works closely with the deputy minister
41
Assistant deputy minister
supports deputy and assistant deputy
Handles specialized policy, operation, and administrative portfolios
Head specialists
Assisted by a variety of managers
42
Selecting deputy ministers
Appointed by PM on advice of the Clerk
Pulled from associate and assistant ranks with long careers in public service
Tenure of 3 to 4 years in a department before being transferred to another on
43
Pressures facing deputy ministers
expert non partisan advice to ministers agenda
Increasing politicization of administration and primacy of governments policy preferences
New governments perceived ideological differences
44
Purpose of a budget
finances most important elements of the public management
Budget policy preferences and priorities
Elections and spending priorities
45
What is fiscal policy
revenues and expenditures
46
Revenues
finding current and further programs
Taxes, services charges, fees, duties, and borrowing
47
Expenditures
institutional goals
Setting financial requirements for operations
48
Making the revenue side of the budget
made by the PM and minister of finance with assistance from department of finance, CRA, Canada border services agency
Finance consults cabinet, department senior officials, provincial governments
49
Making the expenditure side of the budget
all agencies and departments are involved
Institutional goals
Financial requirements: statues and funding, cabinet committees and funding requests, estimates
50
Statutory funding
any programs that exist will be funded into the next year unless there is a change to the statue
51
Main estimates
outline objectives of public spending for departments and agencies
52
Supplementary estimates
In case more money is needed, it is there just in case
53
Where does new spending originate from
cabinet
54
Spending agency
service departments
Wants yearly increases
Improves the department’s work
Enhancing departmental prestige
55
Guardian agencies
support departments
Controls spending
Prudential fiscal planning
Close scrutiny of requests
56
Priority setters
budgets as political policy messaging
Shape and position of expenditures
Advance PM policy preferences
57
Delivering budgets
introduced by minister of finance in House of Commons
Estimates introduced to house by president of the treasury board
Symbolism of debate due to legislature’s oversight function
Budgets as omnibus bill since 2002
58
Omnibus bill
a mix of different policies that are put into a single bill for efficiency purposes
59
Monitor the nations finances
departments and audits
Office of the auditor general
Public accounts committee
Parliamentary budget officer
60
What is the office of the auditor general
main reviewer of the audits and reports directly to the House of Commons on the executive
61
Public accounts committee
Standing committee of the House of Commons that is always running and observes the finances
62
Parliamentary budget officer
Newest and used to be a part of the library of commons 7 year terms for 14 years - provides independent analysis of the country’s finances, forecasts, etc
63
Agent of parliament
aides the House of Commons and the MPs
64
Incrementalism in budget making
existed till the 60s - marginal costs, establishing priorities
65
Performance budgeting
variation in item budgeting
Efficiency evaluations
Financials inputs and service outputs
66
planning-programming-budgeting (PPBS)
PPBS + Trudeau rationalism
Central agencies and budgets
Funding linked to policy priorities and objectives
Long term financial planning with strategy
A, B, X budgets
67
A budget
Things that already exist and need to be funded
68
B budget
new things that need funding
69
X budgets
allocated to low priorities (things go wrong)
70
Trudeau’s rationalism
systematic long term thinking
71
Policy expenditure management system (PEMS)
enhanced ministerial participation of PPBS
Links political and administrative decisions to PPBS structure
72
Multi year fiscal plan
foundation for allocating money to cabinet committees jurisdictional field
Support established and new programs
73
An envelope
policy sector receives this
Funding levels for budgets
Reference level
Policy reserve
Operating reserve
74
Reference level
Same policies
75
Policy reserve
new programs
76
Operating reserve
in case something goes wrong
77
Making PEMS work
strategic overview
Multi year plan (over 3 years)
Budget year plan
78
Expenditure management system (EMS)
restrains spending
Central agencies and spending control
79
Changes under EMS
A and B budgets merged into reference level (single budget)
Small contingency and operating reserves
80
Budgeting under EMS
3 year perspective
Operational aims
All agreed bye cabinet, treasury, finance, PM
81
EMS departmental plan
strengthening the treasury board
82
Expenditure Management Information System (EMIS)
building on EMS
Government wide framework of information
All spending reviewed every four year period
83
Key actors in hiring, firing, and merit principal
treasury board
Public service commission of Canada (psc)
Privy clerk office
Canada school of public service
Office of the chief Human Resources officer
Public sector unions
84
Occupational categories
executive
Scientific and professional
Administrative and foreign service
Technical service
Administrative support
Operational
85
Merit
Merit principals invoices examining education and skills
86
Evolution of the merit principal
patronage (party loyalty)
Civil service acts of 1908 and 1918
Contractual work and party support
Legitimate vs illegitimate patronage
Best vs qualified
Insider info and connections
87
inside service vs outside service
inside is Ottawa
Outside is rest of country
88
Representative public service
Merit, equity, and representativeness
Public service reflects the society it serves
89
Bilingual and bicultural representative
official languages act
The bi and bi commission
Marginalization of French Canadians
90
Establishing a bilingual public service
Glassco commission
Official languages act of 1969
Recognizing linguistic diversity
Equal linguistic standing by working in language of choice
91
What has official bilingual done for the public service
over representation of French Canadians (becuase they’re more bilingual)
Elimination of discrimination against French Canadians
English essential, French essential, bilingual jobs
Work tools mostly English
92
Pay equity
Pink-collar jobs lowered paid
Equal pay for work of equal value
Pay equity and budget implementation act of 2009
Pay equity act 2018
Pay equity commissioner
Section 11 of human rights act
93
Why employment equity
representativeness
Recognizing historical injustices
Harnessing talent
Illuminating non-English and minority groups to Canada
94
Employment equity in the public service
Canadian human rights act of 1977
S. 15(2) of charter rights and freedoms
1979 D’Avignon Committee criticizes lack of diversity
1984 Abella Commission foundation for employment equity act of 1986
95
Implementing employment equity
treasury board: eliminates barriers and ensure representation by assisting departments and strategies
Public service commission: actively defines “employment equity,” dedicated offices to advancing employment equity, departments mentor plans
96
Employment equity has done
Ottawa advances agenda for rest of the country
Indigenous over representation but in lower skilled jobs
Segregation of people with disabilities in administrative support
Women still do most administrative support
Visible minority groups have larger representation in scientific and professional category
Addition of black Canadians and 2SLGBTQ+ as designated groups,
Black class action lawsuit
97
Collective bargaining in public service
more limited than private sector
Strikes and political repercussions
Employer as Governor
Seniority and merit not on the bargaining table
98
Evolution of public sector bargaining
unionization banned until 1967 for fed workers (exception of crown agencies)
Public service staff relations act 1967
Public service labour relations act of 2005 and public service labour relations board (PSLRB)
99
Parties a part of the collective bargaining process
PSLRB
Treasury board (official employer)
Some workers do not get collective bargaining
Ottawas power of designation
100
Ottawas power of designation
Ottawa decides who is prohibited to go on strike
101
Negotiating: arbitration
issues remaining go to arbitration board
Board made of each party’s representatives and one from PSLRB
Arbitral Award delivered once case has merit
Legally binding
102
Negotiating: conciliation
either side requests a panel
Board made of each party’s representatives and one from PSLRB
Panel recommendations must be accepted by both sides
Recommendation rejected bargaining may strike after 7 days
103
(PEMS)
Policy expenditure management system
104
(PPBS)
planning-programming-budgeting
105
(EMS)
Expenditure management system
106
(EMIS)
Expenditure Management Information System
