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Phase 3a > Public health/general useful info > Flashcards

Public health/general useful info Flashcards

1
Q

Neglect

A

standard of care that does not meet the needs of the child

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2
Q

Types of neglect

A
  • Emotional neglect
  • Abandonment
  • Medical neglect
  • Educational neglect
  • Physical neglect
  • Failure to provide supervision and guidance.
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3
Q

Typical standards of care for kids

A
  • Food and drink
  • Warmth
  • Shelter
  • Clothing
  • Grooming
  • Health and dental care
  • Education
  • Appropriate social opportunities
  • Emotional support
  • Protection from harm
  • Boundaries and behaviour
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4
Q

Examples of neglect

A
  • chronic/severe head lice
  • frost bite/necrosing of extremeties from ligature injuries
  • dental caries (more common in sheffield as no flouride in water)
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5
Q

What are the WHODAS 2.0 6 DOmains of functioning

A
  • Cognition
    – understanding & communicating
  • Mobility
    – moving & getting around
  • Self-care
    – hygiene, dressing, eating & staying alone
  • Social
    – interacting with other people
  • Life activities
    – domestic responsibilities, leisure, work & school
  • Participation
    – joining in community activities
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6
Q

What factors aside from medical diagnosis affect level of disability

A
  • Social Factors
  • Environment
  • Cultural factors
  • Life stage

The level of disbility then affects participation + functioning

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7
Q

What does holistic management of a disabled child involve aside from medical/surgical Tx if required

A
  • Physio/Occupational therapy if motor skills impaired
  • SALT for language
  • DIetician review if required
  • Offer/direct carer(s) towards sources of support (for managing the child’s needs and their own needs)
  • Portage/Early Years support (home based intervention + support)
  • Social worker (if safeguarding concerns)
  • Housing support (if needed)
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8
Q

What would a health-education-social support assesment look at for a child with a physical disability

A
  • Cognition
  • Mobility-hand function
  • Communication
  • Self care -Feeding
  • Sleep
  • Equipment needs and assistive technology
  • Educational provision
  • Emotional/behavioural needs
  • Optimising participation
  • Disability living allowance, respite care, direct payments
  • Social work involvement – childrens disability team
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9
Q

Health-Education-Social support for autistic child

A
  • Autism Assessment –Social communication/Interaction style
  • Speech and language therapy –Level of communication
  • Educational psychology assessment – Cognitive assessment
  • Emotional support and family support –Clinical psychology /Primary Mental Health Workers /
  • School based support –
  • Nurture groups and social skills support
  • Autism team to offer strategies
  • Intervention
  • Needs My plan / EHCP-Education and Health care plan -Special school
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10
Q

Types of vaccines

A
  • Passive (just antibodies; doesn’t induce immune response)
  • Active:
    • Live attenuated
    • Inactivated
    • Inactivated toxin
    • Recombinant components
    • Conjugate vaccine (bacterial polysaccharide + protein carrier)
    • Cell wall / envelope components
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11
Q

Examples of live attenuated vaccines

A

MMR, BCG, nasal flu, rotavirus

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12
Q

Example of inactivated vaccine

A

whole cell pertussis

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13
Q

Inactivated toxin vaccine examples

A

diptheria, tetanus

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14
Q

Recombinant vaccine example

A

Acellular pertussis

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15
Q

Cell wall/envelope component vaccine examples

A

Flu
Men B

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16
Q

Adolescent HEADDSSS outline of consultation

A
  • Home
  • Education
  • Activites
  • Drugs + alcohol
  • Depression
  • Suicide
  • Sexual health
  • Sleep/Spirutality/ anything else
17
Q

What factors contribute to the amount of financial reparation a patient gets if they win a negligence claim

A
  • Loss of earnings
  • Additional costs (as a result of the injury etc)
  • Pain and suffering (e.g. delayed Tx due to missed Dx)
18
Q

Types of negligence

A
  • Poor performance
    - CONDUCT is regularly below acceptable standard
  • Neglect
    - Accepting low standards
  • Misconduct
    - DELIBERATE act that does not follow standards
  • Human error
19
Q

Types of human error

A

Unintentional action:

  • Slip (attention failure - wrong thing by absence)
  • Lapse (memory failures)

Intentional action:

  • Mistake (Incorrect judgement)
  • Violation (knowingly deviating rules e.g. using someone else’s log-in to refer/prescribe)

It is more to do with the system we are in as opposed to individual problems

20
Q

Types of decision making

A
  • Thinking it through
    • Analytic process + check/balances decision
  • Intuitive decision making (pattern recognition)

Cognitive shortcuts:

  • Heuristics = pattern recognitions
  • Affective = how you feel affects decision-making (tired, hungry, upset etc)
21
Q

Potential system designs to prevent medication error

A
  • Different times (can’t overlap)
  • Kept / procedure done in different places
  • 2 different (trained) people
  • Ideally make the more dangerous ones look physically different
22
Q
A
23
Q

Signe of opioid abuse / dependancy

A
  • using it for non pain relief reasons
  • impaired control of self or medication
  • compulsive use of meds
  • continued use of meds despite harm/ lack of benefit
  • craving or asking for escalation of meds
  • selling or altering prescriptions
  • stealing or diverting meds
  • calls for early refill or losing meds
  • reluctance to try non pharm intervention
24
Q

Wilson and Junger criteria for screening (10 points)

A
  • needs to be an IMPORTANT HEALTH PROBLEM
  • needs to have an ACCEPTED TREATMENT AVAILABLE
  • FACILITIES for diagnosis and treatment AVAILABLE
  • RECOGNISABLE LATENT / EARLY SYMPTOMATIC STAGE
  • SUITABLE TEST / examination
  • test must be ACCEPTABLE TO POPULATION
  • Natural history of condition should be understood
  • should have a POLICY on WHO TO TREAT
  • COSTS should be ECONOMICALLY BALANCED
  • Should be a CONTINUOUS PROCESS not a one off
25
Q

Lead time bias

A

Screening identifies problem earlier showing a seeming increase in survival time but actually the outcome is no different

26
Q

Length time bias

A

Biased because conditions take different lengths of time to progress to severe stages which can affect the APPARENT EFFICACY of a screening process

E.g. less aggressive cancers are more likely to be picked up earlier than more aggressive cancers which progress much faster. So the comparison in survival between screen detected and non-screen detected is actually more to do with a comparison between less-aggressive and more aggressive

Phase 3a (26 decks)

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